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Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English volume
Descent
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Section | English 114 |
Arabic 114 |
Czech 114 |
German 114 |
Spanish 114 |
French 114 |
Italian 114 |
Japanese 114 |
Portuguese 114 |
Russian 114 |
Chinese 114 |
114-1 | descent | نسل—خلف | potomek | Nachkomme | descendencia | descendance | discendenza | 血統 | descendência | Происхождение | 血统 |
114-2 | progenitor —ancestor |
جد—سلف | předek | Vorfahre | ascendiente | ascendant | ascendente | 祖先 | ascendente —ancestral |
Предок | 祖先 |
114-3 | blood relative —genetic relative —kin —kinship group |
أقرباء—أقارب | pokrevně příbuzný —příbuzenství |
Verwandte(r) —Verwandtschaft |
parientes | parent —apparenté |
parenti | 血族 —遺伝学的親族 —親族 —血族関係集団 |
parentes consangüíneos —parentes genéticos —parentes —grupo de parentesco |
Кровные родственники | 血缘亲属 —遗传亲属 —亲属 |
114-4 | degree of relationship | درجة القربى—قرابة | stupeň příbuzenství | Verwandtschaftsgrad | grado de parentesco | degré de parenté | grado di parentela | 親等 | grau de parentesco | Количеством степеней родства | 亲属的亲疏程度 |
114-5 | filial relation | بنوة | filiace | Kindschaft | filiación | filiation | filiazione | 子から親への関係 | relação de filiação | Связь ребенка с родителями | 子女关系 |
114-6 | parenthood | أبوة—أمومة—والدية | rodičů | Vaterschaft —Mutterschaft —Elternschaft |
paternidad —maternidad |
paternité —maternité |
paternità —maternità |
親から子への関係 | paternidade —maternidade |
Родительство | 父母身份 |
114-7 | offspring —progeny |
سلالة—ذرية | potomstvo | Nachkommenschaft | prole —progenie |
progéniture | prole o figliolanza | 子 —子孫 |
prole —progênie |
Потомок | 子女 |
114-8 | relationship by marriage | صهر—قرابة المصاهرة | švagrovství | angeheiratete Verwandtschaft —Verschwägerung —Schwägerschaft |
afinidad —alianza |
alliance | affinità | 姻戚関係 | parentesco por casamento | Брачное родство | 姻亲关系 |
Persons related through common descent 1 from the same progenitor 2 or ancestor 2 are called blood relatives 3 or genetic relatives 3 . The terms kin 3 and in an aggregate sense kinship group 3 are also used. The degree of relationship 4 is generally computed by reference to the number of steps which are necessary before a common ancestor is reached, but there are many different methods of computation. The fundamental relation in each of these steps is the filial relation 5 (cf. 112-6* and 112-7*) of child to parent, which is the reciprocal of parenthood 6 (112-2*) i.e. the relation of a couple or of a father or a mother to offspring 7 or progeny 7 . Blood relationship must be distinguished from relationship by marriage 8, which marriage establishes between one spouse and the kin of the other.
- 1. Descent, n. - descendant, n.: one linked through descent
- 2. Ancestor, n. - ancestral, adj.
- 3. Relative, n. - related, adj. - relationship, n.: the state of being related. The term relative is used for persons related by blood or marriage.
Kin, n. and adj. - kinship, n.: the state of being kin. Relatives is sometimes also used for the collection of all kin. - 7. Progeny, n.: this term may also be used for all of the descendants of a common ancestor.
- 8. In certain countries persons related by marriage may be referred to as in-laws: wife's family of origin are in-laws to husband and vice versa.
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