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Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English volume
Difference between revisions of "Calculus of finite differences"
(Etienne van de Walle et al., second 1982 edition) |
(Eugen Grebenik et al., first edition 1958) |
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− | <!--''' | + | <!--'''calculus of finite differences'''--> |
− | {{TextTerms|S=151|P=15| | + | {{TextTerms|S=151|P=15|Ed=I|CompleteIndexTerm=(CALCULUS of finite differences)| content= |
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+ | TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=8|Te=extrapolación,}}{{ | ||
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+ | TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=8|Te=Экстраполяция}}| | ||
+ | Lang=en|Lang2=ar|Lang3=de|Lang4=es|Lang5=fi|Lang6=fr|Lang7=it|Lang8=pl|Lang9=pt|Lang10=ru}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{Gallery | ||
+ | | caption={{Lang_audio_pronunciation_-en}} | ||
+ | | width=100 | ||
+ | | height=20 | ||
+ | | lines=3 | ||
+ | |151_1_1_en_I Graduation.ogg|'''graduation''' | ||
+ | |151_1_2_en_I Smoothing.ogg|'''smoothing''' | ||
+ | |151_2_1_en_I Graphic graduation.ogg|'''graphic graduation''' | ||
+ | |151_3_1_en_I Fitting, curve.ogg|'''fitting, curve''' | ||
+ | |151_4_1_en_I Method of least squares.ogg|'''method of least squares''' | ||
+ | |151_5_1_en_I Moving average.ogg|'''moving average''' | ||
+ | |151_6_1_en_I Calculus of finite differences.ogg|'''calculus of finite differences''' | ||
+ | |151_7_1_en_I Interpolation.ogg|'''interpolation''' | ||
+ | |151_8_1_en_I Extrapolation.ogg|'''extrapolation''' | ||
}} | }} | ||
<noinclude> | <noinclude> | ||
− | [[en- | + | [[en-I:calculus of finite differences]] [[ar-I:حساب الفروق المحدودة (حد)]] [[de-I:Berechnung mit endlichen Differenzen]] [[es-I:diferencias finitas]] [[fi-I:differenssimenetelmä]] [[fr-I:calcul des différences finies]] [[it-I:calcolo delle differenze finite]] [[pl-I:rachunek różnic skończonych]] [[pt-I:CÁLCULO das diferenças finitas]] [[ru-I:Исчисление предельных отклонений]] |
</noinclude> | </noinclude> | ||
<noinclude> | <noinclude> | ||
− | [[Category:Term of the | + | [[Category:Term of the first edition of the multilingual demographic Dictionary]] |
+ | [[Category:General concepts]] | ||
+ | [[Category:15]] | ||
</noinclude> | </noinclude> |
Revision as of 20:50, 7 November 2009
Translation | ||||||||||
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Section | English 151 |
Arabic 151 |
German 151 |
Spanish 151 |
Finnish 151 |
French 151 |
Italian 151 |
Polish 151 |
Portuguese 151 |
Russian 151 |
151-1 | graduation —smoothing |
تدريج بياني (بيان)—تمهيد (تمهيد) | ausgeglichene Reihe —Ausgleichung |
ajustada —ajuste |
tasoittaminen | ajusté —ajustement —lissage |
perequazione —graduazione |
wartości wyrównane —wyrównywanie |
PEREQUAÇÃO —REGULARIZAÇÃO |
Выравнивание —Ряда сглаживание |
151-2 | graphic graduation | تمهيد بياني (بيان)—تمهيد بياني (تمهيد) | graphische Ausgleichung | ajuste gráfico | graafinen tasoittaminen | ajustement graphique | perequazione grafica | wyrównywanie graficzne | PEREQUAÇÃO gráfica | Графический метод выравнивания |
151-3 | fitting, curve | توفيق المنحنيات (توفيق) | analytische Ausgleichung | analitico | analyyttinen tasoittaminen | ajustement analytique | perequazione analitica —interpolazione |
wyrównywanie analityczne | PEREQUAÇÃO analítica —AJUSTAMENTO de curva |
Аналитическое выравнивание |
151-4 | method of least squares | طريقة المربعات الصغرى (صغير) | Methode der kleinsten Quadrate | método de mínimos cuadrados | pienimmän neliösumman menetelmä | méthode des moindres carrés | metodo dei minimi quadrati | metoda najmniejszych kwadratów | MÉTODO dos mínimos quadrados | Способ наименьших квадратов |
151-5 | moving average | متوسطات المتحركة (حركة) | Methode des gleitenden Durchschnitts —Methode der gleitenden Durchschnitte |
medias móviles | liukuva keskiarvo | moyenne mobile | media mobile | średnia ruchoma | MÉDIA móvel | Скользящая средняя |
151-6 | calculus of finite differences | حساب الفروق المحدودة (حد) | Berechnung mit endlichen Differenzen —Differenzenmethode |
diferencias finitas | differenssimenetelmä | calcul des différences finies | calcolo delle differenze finite | rachunek różnic skończonych | CÁLCULO das diferenças finitas | Исчисление предельных отклонений |
151-7 | interpolation | استكمال (استكمال) | Interpolation | interpolación | interpolointi | interpolation | interpolazione | interpolacja | INTERPOLAÇÃO | Интерполяция |
151-8 | extrapolation | استيفاء | Extrapolation | extrapolación, | ekstrapolointi | extrapolation | estrapolazione —extrapolazione |
ekstrapolacja | EXTRAPOLAÇÃO | Экстраполяция |
It is occasionally desirable to replace a series of figures by another series that shows greater regularity. This process is known as graduation 1 or smoothing 1, and it generally consists of passing a smooth curve through a number of points in the time series or other series, such as the number of persons distributed by reported age. If a free-hand curve is drawn the process is called graphic graduation 2. When analytical mathematical methods are used, this is called curve fitting 3. A mathematical curve is fitted to the data, possibly by the method of least squares 4, which minimizes the sum of the squares of the differences between the original and the graduated series. Other methods include moving averages 5 or involve the use of the calculus of finite differences 6. Some of these procedures may be used for interpolation 7, the estimation of values of the series at points intermediate between given values, or for extrapolation 8, the estimation of values outside of the range for which it was given.
- 1. Graduation, n. - graduate, v. - graduated, adj. Smoothing, n. - smooth, v. - smoothed, adj.
- 7. Interpolation, n. - interpolate, v. - interpolated, adj.
- 8. Extrapolation, n. - extrapolate, v. - extrapolated, adj.
|