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Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English volume
Difference between revisions of "Calculus of finite differences"
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[[en-II:calculus of finite differences]] [[ar-II:حساب الفروق المحدودة]] [[cs-II:výpočet konečných diferencí]] [[de-II:Differenzenmethode]] [[es-II:diferencias finitas]] [[fr-II:calcul des différences finies]] [[it-II:calcolo delle differenze finite]] [[ja-II:有限差異の微積分]] [[pt-II:cálculo das diferenças finitas]] [[ru-II:Исчисление предельных отклонений]] [[zh-II:差分法]] | [[en-II:calculus of finite differences]] [[ar-II:حساب الفروق المحدودة]] [[cs-II:výpočet konečných diferencí]] [[de-II:Differenzenmethode]] [[es-II:diferencias finitas]] [[fr-II:calcul des différences finies]] [[it-II:calcolo delle differenze finite]] [[ja-II:有限差異の微積分]] [[pt-II:cálculo das diferenças finitas]] [[ru-II:Исчисление предельных отклонений]] [[zh-II:差分法]] | ||
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Latest revision as of 06:04, 5 February 2010
| Translation | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Section | English 151 |
Arabic 151 |
Czech 151 |
German 151 |
Spanish 151 |
French 151 |
Italian 151 |
Japanese 151 |
Portuguese 151 |
Russian 151 |
Chinese 151 |
| 151-1 | graduation —smoothing |
تدريج—تمهيد | vyrovnání | ausgeglichene Reihe —geglättete Reihe —Ausgleichung —Glättung |
ajustada —ajuste —suavizamiento |
ajusté —ajustement —lissage |
aggiustata —perequazione —graduazione |
補整 | suavização | Выравнивание (ряда) —Сглаживание (ряда) |
修匀 |
| 151-2 | graphic graduation | تمهيد البياني—تدريج البياني | grafické vyrovnání | graphische Ausgleichung | ajuste gráfico | ajustement graphique | perequazione grafica | グラフ補整 | suavização gráfica | Графическое выравнивание | 作图上修匀 |
| 151-3 | curve fitting | تمهيد التحليلي—تدريج التحليلي—توفيق المنحي | analytické vyrovnání | analytische Ausgleichung —Kurvenanpassung |
ajuste analítico | ajustement analytique | perequazione analitica | 曲線の当てはめ | ajuste de curva | Подгонка кривой | 曲线拟合 |
| 151-4 | method of least squares | طريقة المربعات الصغرى | metoda nejmenších čtverců | Methode der kleinsten Quadrate | método de mínimos cuadrados | méthode des moindres carrés | metodo dei minimi quadrati | 最小二乗法 | método dos mínimos quadrados | Метод наименьших квадратов | 最小二乘法 |
| 151-5 | moving average | متوسطات المتحركة | klouzavý průměr | Methode des gleitenden Durchschnitts | promedios móviles | moyenne mobile | medie mobili | 移動平均 | médias móveis | Скользящая средняя | 移动平均数法 |
| 151-6 | calculus of finite differences | حساب الفروق المحدودة | výpočet konečných diferencí | Differenzenmethode | diferencias finitas | calcul des différences finies | calcolo delle differenze finite | 有限差異の微積分 | cálculo das diferenças finitas | Исчисление предельных отклонений | 差分法 |
| 151-7 | interpolation | إستكمال | interpolace | Interpolation | interpolación | interpolation | interpolazione | 内挿（補間） | interpolação | Интерполяция | 内插 |
| 151-8 | extrapolation | استيفاء | extrapolace | Extrapolation | extrapolación | extrapolation | estrapolazione | 外挿（補外） | extrapoção | Экстраполяция | 外推 |
It is occasionally desirable to replace a series of figures by another series that shows greater regularity. This process is known as graduation 1 or smoothing 1, and it generally consists of passing a smooth curve through a number of points in the time series or other series, such as the number of persons distributed by reported age. If a free-hand curve is drawn the process is called graphic graduation 2. When analytical mathematical methods are used, this is called curve fitting 3. A mathematical curve is fitted to the data, possibly by the method of least squares 4, which minimizes the sum of the squares of the differences between the original and the graduated series. Other methods include moving averages 5 or involve the use of the calculus of finite differences 6. Some of these procedures may be used for interpolation 7, the estimation of values of the series at points intermediate between given values, or for extrapolation 8, the estimation of values outside of the range for which it was given.
- 1. Graduation, n. - graduate, v. - graduated, adj. Smoothing, n. - smooth, v. - smoothed, adj.
- 7. Interpolation, n. - interpolate, v. - interpolated, adj.
- 8. Extrapolation, n. - extrapolate, v. - extrapolated, adj.
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