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Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English volume
Difference between revisions of "Observation error"
(Etienne van de Walle et al., second 1982 edition) |
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[[en-II:observation error]] [[ar-II:أخطاء الرصد]] [[cs-II:chyba pozorování]] [[de-II:Meßfehler]] [[es-II:errores no de muestreo]] [[fr-II:erreur d’observation]] [[it-II:errori di osservazione]] [[ja-II:観測誤差]] [[pt-II:erros de observação]] [[ru-II:Ошибка наблюдения]] [[zh-II:观察误差]] | [[en-II:observation error]] [[ar-II:أخطاء الرصد]] [[cs-II:chyba pozorování]] [[de-II:Meßfehler]] [[es-II:errores no de muestreo]] [[fr-II:erreur d’observation]] [[it-II:errori di osservazione]] [[ja-II:観測誤差]] [[pt-II:erros de observação]] [[ru-II:Ошибка наблюдения]] [[zh-II:观察误差]] | ||
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[[Category:Term of the second edition of the multilingual demographic Dictionary]] | [[Category:Term of the second edition of the multilingual demographic Dictionary]] | ||
Latest revision as of 06:14, 5 February 2010
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Section | English 164 |
Arabic 164 |
Czech 164 |
German 164 |
Spanish 164 |
French 164 |
Italian 164 |
Japanese 164 |
Portuguese 164 |
Russian 164 |
Chinese 164 |
| 164-1 | population parameter | معلم احصائي | statistický parametr | Parameter der Grundgesamtheit | parámetro estadístico | paramètre statistique | parametro statistico | 母集団母数（パラメーター） | parâmetro de população | Параметр | 人口参数 |
| 164-2 | statistical estimation | تقدير الإحصائي | statistický odhad | statistische Schätzung | estimación estadística | estimation statistique | stima statistica | 統計的推定 | estimativa estatística | Статистическая оценка | 统计估计 |
| 164-3 | sampling error | خطأ في اختيار العينة—خطأ الاعتيان | výběrová chyba | Stichprobenfehler | errores de muestreo | erreur d’échantillonnage | errori di campionamento | 標本誤差 | erros amostrais | Ошибка выборки | 抽样误差 |
| 164-4 | standard error | خطأ المعياري | standardní chyba | Standardfehler | error tipo —error típico —error estándar |
erreur type | errore quadratico medio —errore medio |
標準誤差 | erro padrão | Стандартные ошибки | 标准误差 |
| 164-5 | confidence interval | فترة الثقة—مجال الثقة | interval, spolehlivosti | Vertrauensbereich —Konfidenzintervall |
intervalo de confianza | intervalle de confiance | un intervallo di confidenza | 信頼区間 | intervalo de confiança | Доверительные границы | 可信区间 |
| 164-6 | significant difference | فرق بين—فرق معنوي | významný rozdíl | signifikanter Unterschied | diferencia significativa | différence significative | differenza significativa | 有意差 | diferença significativa | Значимая разность | 显著差别 |
| 164-7 | level of significance | مستوى الثقة | hladina spolehlivosti | Signifikanzniveau | nivel de significación —umbral de significación —riesgo |
seuil de signification —niveau de signification —risque |
livello di significatività | 有意水準 | intervalo de confiança | Уровень значимости | 显著性水平 |
| 164-8 | observation error —response error |
أخطاء الرصد | chyba pozorování | Meßfehler —Beobachtungsfehler —Antwortfehler |
errores no de muestreo —errores de registro —errores de respuesta |
erreur d’observation | errori di osservazione | 観測誤差 —回答誤差 |
erros de observação —erros de resposta |
Ошибка наблюдения | 观察误差 —回应误差 |
| 164-9 | interviewer bias | أخطاء المشاهدة | chyba tazatelů | Interviewerfehler | sesgos del encuestador | biais de l’enquêteur | errori dell’intervistatore | 面接誤差 | vícios do entrevistador | Необъективность регистраторов | 调查员偏误 |
A population parameter 1 is a numerical value that characterizes a population. Statistical estimation 2 is the name given to the procedure by which the values of such parameters are estimated from the sample. Such estimates are subject to sampling errors 3 and a measure of the magnitude of the sampling error is generally given by the standard error 4. Sometimes a confidence interval 5 is associated with an estimate to show the limits within which the estimated quantity may be expected to lie with a pre-determined probability. A difference between two values is referred to as a significant difference 6 when the probability that it is due to chance is less than a given value which is called the level of significance 7. Thus a difference would be significant at the 5 percent level if the probability that it could have arisen by chance is less than 0.05. In addition to sampling errors, observation errors 8 or response errors 8 also affect estimates. These errors usually include interviewer biases 9 which are systematic errors introduced by the interviewers when the basic data are collected.
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