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Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English volume

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Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English vol.
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(Etienne van de Walle et al., second 1982 edition)
(710: Back to first edition but introducing population reproduction)
 
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=== 710 ===
 
=== 710 ===
 
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The theory of {{TextTerm|population replacement|1|710|OtherIndexEntry=replacement population}} or {{TextTerm|population reproduction|1|710|OtherIndexEntry=reproduction, population...}} (see § {{NonRefTerm|116}}) treats population as a {{TextTerm|renewable resource|2|710|OtherIndexEntry=resource, renewable}} in the mathematical sense of the term. A distinction is drawn between {{TextTerm|gross reproduction|3|710|OtherIndexEntry=reproduction, gross ...}} or {{TextTerm|gross replacement|3|710|2|OtherIndexEntry=replacement, gross ...}}, where no account is taken of mortality before the end of the reproductive period ({{RefNumber|62|0|1}}), and {{TextTerm|net reproduction|4|710|OtherIndexEntry=reproduction, net ...}} or {{TextTerm|net replacement|4|710|2|OtherIndexEntry=replacement, net ...}}, in which this mortality is taken into account.
The study of {{TextTerm|reproduction|1|710}} or {{TextTerm|population replacement|1|710|2|OtherIndexEntry=replacement, population}} is concerned with the natural process through which a population replaces its numbers. A distinction is drawn between {{TextTerm|gross reproduction|3|710|OtherIndexEntry=reproduction, gross}} or {{TextTerm|gross replacement|3|710|2|OtherIndexEntry=replacement, gross}}, where no account is taken of mortality before the end of the reproductive period ({{RefNumber|62|0|1}}), and {{TextTerm|net reproduction|4|710|IndexEntry=net, replacement|OtherIndexEntry=replacement, net}} or {{TextTerm|net replacement|4|710|2|IndexEntry=ner replacement|OtherIndexEntry=replacement, net}}, in which this mortality is taken into account.
 
 
{{Note|1| Also {{NoteTerm|reproductivity}}. For another sense of reproduction see {{RefNumber|60|1|2}}.}}
 
{{Note|1| Also {{NoteTerm|reproductivity}}. For another sense of reproduction see {{RefNumber|60|1|2}}.}}
  
 
=== 711 ===
 
=== 711 ===
  
In this study of replacement a number of indices, {{TextTerm|replacement rates|1|711|IndexEntry=replacement, rate|OtherIndexEntry=rate, replacement}} or {{TextTerm|reproduction rates|1|711|2|IndexEntry=reproduction rate|OtherIndexEntry=rate, reproduction}} are used. Reproduction rates are generally {{TextTerm|female reproduction rates|2|711|IndexEntry=female reproduction rate|OtherIndexEntry=reproduction rate, female}} or {{TextTerm|maternal reproduction rates|2|711|2|IndexEntry=maternal reproduction rate|OtherIndexEntry=reproduction rate, maternal}}. The female {{TextTerm|net reproduction rate|3|711|IndexEntry=net, reproduction rate}} is defined as the average number of live daughters that would be born to a hypothetical female {{NonRefTerm|birth cohort}} ({{RefNumber|11|6|2}}) which would be subjected to a set of current {{NonRefTerm|age-specific fertility}} ({{RefNumber|63|1|8}}) and {{NonRefTerm|mortality rates}} ({{RefNumber|40|1|2}}). A female {{TextTerm|gross reproduction rate|4|711|OtherIndexEntry=rate, gross reproduction}} is computed similarly on the assumption that mortality before the end of the reproductive age is zero. {{TextTerm|Male reproduction rates|5|711|IndexEntry=male reproduction rate|OtherIndexEntry=reproduction rate, male}} or {{TextTerm|paternal reproduction rates|5|711|2|IndexEntry=paternal reproduction rate|OtherIndexEntry=reproduction rate, paternal}} can be computed analogously using male births and a male birth cohort, and certain types of {{TextTerm|joint reproduction rates|6|711|IndexEntry=joint, reproduction rate|OtherIndexEntry=rate, joint reproduction}} which take both sexes into account have been proposed. Where the experience of an actual cohort is used in the construction of reproduction rates, {{TextTerm|cohort reproduction rates|7|711|IndexEntry=cohort reproduction rate|OtherIndexEntry=rate, cohort reproduction}} or {{TextTerm|generation reproduction rates|7|711|2|IndexEntry=generation reproduction rate|OtherIndexEntry=reproduction rate, generation}} are obtained. The mortality and the fertility rates used in the construction of these rates will refer to different periods of time. Where statistics of fertility by age are not available, the so-called {{TextTerm|replacement index|8|711|OtherIndexEntry=index, replacement}} may be used. This ratio relates the quotient of the population of children of a given age (as a rule those 0-4 years) to the number of women of childbearing age in the actual population, to the corresponding quotient in the {{NonRefTerm|stationary population}} ({{RefNumber|70|3|6}}).
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In this study of replacement a number of indices, {{TextTerm|replacement rates|1|711|IndexEntry=replacement rate|OtherIndexEntry=rate, replacement ...}} or {{TextTerm|reproduction rates|1|711|2|IndexEntry=reproduction rate|OtherIndexEntry=rate, reproduction ...}} are used. Reproduction rates are generally {{TextTerm|female reproduction rates|2|711|IndexEntry=female reproduction rate|OtherIndexEntry=reproduction rate, female ...|OtherIndexEntry2=rate, female reproduction ...}} or {{TextTerm|maternal reproduction rates|2|711|2|IndexEntry=maternal reproduction rate|OtherIndexEntry=reproduction rate, maternal ...|OtherIndexEntry2=rate, maternal reproduction ...}}. The female {{TextTerm|net reproduction rate|3|711|OtherIndexEntry=reproduction rate, net ...|OtherIndexEntry2=rate, net reproduction ...}} is defined as the average number of live daughters that would be born to a hypothetical female {{NonRefTerm|birth cohort}} ({{RefNumber|11|6|2}}) which would be subjected to a set of current {{NonRefTerm|age-specific fertility}} ({{RefNumber|63|1|8}}) and {{NonRefTerm|mortality rates}} ({{RefNumber|40|1|2}}). A female {{TextTerm|gross reproduction rate|4|711|OtherIndexEntry=rate, gross reproduction ...|OtherIndexEntry2=reproduction rate, gross ...}} is computed similarly on the assumption that mortality before the end of the reproductive age is zero. {{TextTerm|Male reproduction rates|5|711|IndexEntry=male reproduction rate|OtherIndexEntry=reproduction rate, male|OtherIndexEntry2=rate, male reproduction ...}} or {{TextTerm|paternal reproduction rates|5|711|2|IndexEntry=paternal reproduction rate|OtherIndexEntry=reproduction rate, paternal ...|OtherIndexEntry2=rate, paternal reproduction ...}} can be computed analogously using male births and a male birth cohort, and certain types of {{TextTerm|joint reproduction rates|6|711|IndexEntry=joint reproduction rate|OtherIndexEntry=rate, joint reproduction ...|OtherIndexEntry2=reproduction rate, joint ...}} which take both sexes into account have been proposed. Where the experience of an actual cohort is used in the construction of reproduction rates, {{TextTerm|cohort reproduction rates|7|711|IndexEntry=cohort reproduction rate|OtherIndexEntry=rate, cohort reproduction ...|OtherIndexEntry2=reproduction rate, cohort ...}} or {{TextTerm|generation reproduction rates|7|711|2|IndexEntry=generation reproduction rate|OtherIndexEntry=reproduction rate, generation ...|OtherIndexEntry2=rate, generation reproduction ...}} are obtained. The mortality and the fertility rates used in the construction of these rates will refer to different periods of time. Where statistics of fertility by age are not available, the so-called {{TextTerm|replacement index|8|711|OtherIndexEntry=index, replacement ...}} may be used. This ratio relates the quotient of the population of children of a given age (as a rule those 0-4 years) to the number of women of childbearing age in the actual population, to the corresponding quotient in the {{NonRefTerm|stationary population}} ({{RefNumber|70|3|6}}).
  
 
=== 712 ===
 
=== 712 ===
  
Other replacement indices are also computed. For instance, the net reproduction rate is sometimes split into a {{TextTerm|legitimate component|1|712|OtherIndexEntry=component, legitimate}} and an {{TextTerm|illegitimate component|2|712|OtherIndexEntry=component, illegitimate}}. Again, a {{TextTerm|nuptial reproduction rate|3|712|OtherIndexEntry=rate, nuptial reproduction}} has been computed, showing the number of legitimate daughters that will be born to a newly-born female if current rates of mortality, fertility, nuptiality and dissolution of marriage remain unchanged. Generally such rates are for females, but it would be possible to compute analogous rates for males.
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Other replacement indices are also computed. For instance, the net reproduction rate is sometimes split into a {{TextTerm|legitimate component|1|712|OtherIndexEntry=component, legitimate ...}} and an {{TextTerm|illegitimate component|2|712|OtherIndexEntry=component, illegitimate ...}}. Again, a {{TextTerm|nuptial reproduction rate|3|712|OtherIndexEntry=rate, nuptial reproduction ...|OtherIndexEntry2=reproduction rate, nuptial ...}} has been computed, showing the number of legitimate daughters that will be born to a newly-born female if current rates of mortality, fertility, nuptiality and dissolution of marriage remain unchanged. Generally such rates are for females, but it would be possible to compute analogous rates for males.
  
 
=== 713 ===
 
=== 713 ===
  
The {{NonRefTerm|net reproduction rate}} ({{RefNumber|71|1|3}}) and the {{NonRefTerm|intrinsic rate of natural increase}} ({{RefNumber|70|3|1}}) are closely related to one another. The net reproduction rate measures the increase in the {{NonRefTerm|stable population}} ({{RefNumber|70|3|2}}) implied by the given age-specific fertility and mortality rates over a period equivalent to the {{TextTerm|mean length of a generation|1|713|OtherIndexEntry=generation, mean length of a}} or the {{TextTerm|mean interval between successive generations|1|713|2|OtherIndexEntry=generations, mean interval between successive}}. This length of a female generation is equal to the {{TextTerm|mean age of mothers|2|713|OtherIndexEntry=age of mothers, mean}} giving birth to live daughters, with current age-specific fertility and mortality rates. Period reproduction rates are current indices (cf. {{RefNumber|15|2|}}) which relate to {{TextTerm|hypothetical cohorts|3|713|IndexEntry=hypothetical cohort|OtherIndexEntry=cohort, hypothetical}} or {{TextTerm|synthetic cohorts|3|713|2|IndexEntry=synthetic cohort|OtherIndexEntry=cohort, synthetic}}.
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The {{NonRefTerm|net reproduction rate}} ({{RefNumber|71|1|3}}) and the {{NonRefTerm|intrinsic rate of natural increase}} ({{RefNumber|70|3|1}}) are closely related to one another. The net reproduction rate measures the increase in the {{NonRefTerm|stable population}} ({{RefNumber|70|3|2}}) implied by the given age-specific fertility and mortality rates over a period equivalent to the {{TextTerm|mean length of a generation|1|713|OtherIndexEntry=generation, mean length of a ...|OtherIndexEntry2=length of a generation, mean ...}} or the {{TextTerm|mean interval between successive generations|1|713|2|OtherIndexEntry=generation, mean interval between successive generations|OtherIndexEntry2=successive generations, mean interval between ...|OtherIndexEntry3=interval between successive generations, mean ...}}. This length of a female generation is equal to the {{TextTerm|mean age of mothers|2|713|OtherIndexEntry=age of mothers, mean ...|OtherIndexEntry2=mother, mean age of mothers}} giving birth to live daughters, with current age-specific fertility and mortality rates. Period reproduction rates are current indices (cf. {{NonRefTerm|152}}) which relate to {{TextTerm|hypothetical cohorts|3|713|IndexEntry=hypothetical cohort|OtherIndexEntry=cohort, hypothetical ...}} or {{TextTerm|synthetic cohorts|3|713|2|IndexEntry=synthetic cohort|OtherIndexEntry=cohort, synthetic ...}}.
{{Note|2| The {{NoteTerm|mean age of fertility}}, i.e., the mean age of the fertility schedule is only approximately equal to the mean length of a generation. The mean length of a male generation similarly is equal to the {{NoteTerm|mean age of fathers}} at the birth of their children. }}
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{{Note|2| The {{NoteTerm|mean age of fertility|OtherIndexEntry=age of fertility, mean ...|OtherIndexEntry2=fertility, mean age of ...}}, i.e., the mean age of the fertility schedule is only approximately equal to the mean length of a generation. The mean length of a male generation similarly is equal to the {{NoteTerm|mean age of fathers|OtherIndexEntry=age of fathers, mean ...|OtherIndexEntry2=father, mean age of fathers}} at the birth of their children. }}
  
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==<center><font size=12>* * * </font></center>==
 
{{SummaryShort}}
 
{{SummaryShort}}
  
 
{{OtherLanguages|71}}
 
{{OtherLanguages|71}}

Latest revision as of 15:02, 22 July 2018


Disclaimer : The sponsors of Demopaedia do not necessarily agree with all the definitions contained in this version of the Dictionary.

The harmonization of all the second editions of the Multilingual Demographic Dictionary is an ongoing process. Please consult the discussion area of this page for further comments.


Go to: Introduction to Demopædia | Instructions on use | Downloads
Chapters: Preface | 1. General concepts | 2. The treatment and processing of population statistics | 3. Distribution and classification of the population | 4. Mortality and morbidity | 5. Nuptiality | 6. Fertility | 7. Population growth and replacement | 8. Spatial mobility | 9. Economic and social aspects of demography
Pages: 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 80 | 81 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93
Index: Global Index | Index of chapter 1 | Index of chapter 2 | Index of chapter 3 | Index of chapter 4 | Index of chapter 5 | Index of chapter 6 | Index of chapter 7 | Index of chapter 8 | Index of chapter 9


710

The theory of population replacement 1 or population reproduction 1 (see § 116) treats population as a renewable resource 2 in the mathematical sense of the term. A distinction is drawn between gross reproduction 3 or gross replacement 3, where no account is taken of mortality before the end of the reproductive period (620-1), and net reproduction 4 or net replacement 4, in which this mortality is taken into account.

  • 1. Also reproductivity. For another sense of reproduction see 601-2.

711

In this study of replacement a number of indices, replacement rates 1 or reproduction rates 1 are used. Reproduction rates are generally female reproduction rates 2 or maternal reproduction rates 2. The female net reproduction rate 3 is defined as the average number of live daughters that would be born to a hypothetical female birth cohort (116-2) which would be subjected to a set of current age-specific fertility (631-8) and mortality rates (401-2). A female gross reproduction rate 4 is computed similarly on the assumption that mortality before the end of the reproductive age is zero. Male reproduction rates 5 or paternal reproduction rates 5 can be computed analogously using male births and a male birth cohort, and certain types of joint reproduction rates 6 which take both sexes into account have been proposed. Where the experience of an actual cohort is used in the construction of reproduction rates, cohort reproduction rates 7 or generation reproduction rates 7 are obtained. The mortality and the fertility rates used in the construction of these rates will refer to different periods of time. Where statistics of fertility by age are not available, the so-called replacement index 8 may be used. This ratio relates the quotient of the population of children of a given age (as a rule those 0-4 years) to the number of women of childbearing age in the actual population, to the corresponding quotient in the stationary population (703-6).

712

Other replacement indices are also computed. For instance, the net reproduction rate is sometimes split into a legitimate component 1 and an illegitimate component 2. Again, a nuptial reproduction rate 3 has been computed, showing the number of legitimate daughters that will be born to a newly-born female if current rates of mortality, fertility, nuptiality and dissolution of marriage remain unchanged. Generally such rates are for females, but it would be possible to compute analogous rates for males.

713

The net reproduction rate (711-3) and the intrinsic rate of natural increase (703-1) are closely related to one another. The net reproduction rate measures the increase in the stable population (703-2) implied by the given age-specific fertility and mortality rates over a period equivalent to the mean length of a generation 1 or the mean interval between successive generations 1. This length of a female generation is equal to the mean age of mothers 2 giving birth to live daughters, with current age-specific fertility and mortality rates. Period reproduction rates are current indices (cf. 152) which relate to hypothetical cohorts 3 or synthetic cohorts 3.

  • 2. The mean age of fertility, i.e., the mean age of the fertility schedule is only approximately equal to the mean length of a generation. The mean length of a male generation similarly is equal to the mean age of fathers at the birth of their children.

* * *

Go to: Introduction to Demopædia | Instructions on use | Downloads
Chapters: Preface | 1. General concepts | 2. The treatment and processing of population statistics | 3. Distribution and classification of the population | 4. Mortality and morbidity | 5. Nuptiality | 6. Fertility | 7. Population growth and replacement | 8. Spatial mobility | 9. Economic and social aspects of demography
Pages: 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 80 | 81 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93
Index: Global Index | Index of chapter 1 | Index of chapter 2 | Index of chapter 3 | Index of chapter 4 | Index of chapter 5 | Index of chapter 6 | Index of chapter 7 | Index of chapter 8 | Index of chapter 9