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Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English volume

Difference between revisions of "93"

Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English vol.
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(Etienne van de Walle et al., second 1982 edition *** existing text overwritten ***)
(Eugen Grebenik et al., first edition 1958)
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=== 930 ===
 
=== 930 ===
  
A ''population policy'' ({{RefNumber|10|5|2}}) is a series of measures taken by public authorities to influence the trend of population change, or principles offered as a basis for such measures. A distinction is made between {{TextTerm|populationist|1}} policies designed to increase the population, to accelerate its rate of growth or to check actual or incipient population decline or {{TextTerm|depopulation|2}}, and {{TextTerm|population control|3}} policies for the purpose of checking population growth or reducing the rate of population increase. Among the former, {{TextTerm|pronatalist|4}} policies, which attempt to increase the ''birth rate'' ({{RefNumber|33|2|1}}), are particularly important. In contrast to pronatalist policies, there are {{TextTerm|antinatalist|5}} policies, which are designed to reduce the frequency of births. Population policy may also include a component of {{TextTerm|population redistribution policy|6}} designed to influence the territorial distribution of population.
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A population policy ({{RefNumber|10|4|.2}}) is a series of measures taken by public authorities to influence the trend of population, or principles offered as a basis for such measures. A distinction is made between {{TextTerm|expansionist|1|930}} policies, sometimes also called {{TextTerm|populationist|1|930|2}} which are designed to increase the population, to accelerate its rate of growth or to check actual or incipient population decline or {{TextTerm|depopulation|2|930}}, and {{TextTerm|restrictionist|3|930}} policies for the purpose of checking population growth or reducing the rate of increase. Among the former, {{TextTerm|pro-natalist|4|930}} policies, which attempt to increase the birth rate ({{RefNumber|63|0|.1}}), are particularly important. In contrast to pro-natalist policies, there are {{TextTerm|anti-natalist|5|930}} policies designed to reduce the frequency of births.
{{Note|3| Also called {{NoteTerm|Malthusian}} policies. See {{RefNumber|90|6|1}}.}}
 
  
 
=== 931 ===
 
=== 931 ===
  
In many countries {{TextTerm|allowances|1}}, {{TextTerm|benefits|1}} or {{TextTerm|grants|2}} are given to the parents of children. In general an allowance is a sum of money which is paid periodically, whereas a grant is paid on a single occasion only. {{TextTerm|Family allowance|3}} or {{TextTerm|children’s allowance|3}} denotes a sum of money paid regularly to parents with a specified number of children. In many fiscal systems, {{TextTerm|tax rebates|4}} are granted in respect of dependent children. Other monetary benefits paid in some countries include {{TextTerm|maternity grants|5}} or {{TextTerm|birth grants|5}} which are paid upon the birth of a child, {{TextTerm|pre-natal allowances|6}} paid to expectant mothers during pregnancy, and on occasion {{TextTerm|marriage loans|7}} granted to newly-married couples in order to assist them in setting up a household.
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In many countries {{TextTerm|allowances|1|931|IndexEntry=allowance}},{{TextTerm|benefits|1|931|2|IndexEntry=benefit}} or {{TextTerm|grants|2|931|IndexEntry=grant}} are given to the parents of children. In general an allowance is a sum of money which is paid periodically, whereas a grant is paid on a single occasion only. {{TextTerm|Family allowance|3|931|OtherIndexEntry=allowance, family}} or {{TextTerm|children’s allowance|3|931|2|IndexEntry=children's allowance|OtherIndexEntry=allowance, children's}} denotes a sum of money paid regularly to parents with a specified number of children. In many fiscal systems, {{TextTerm|tax rebates|4|931|IndexEntry=tax rebate|OtherIndexEntry=rebate, tax}} are granted in respect of dependent children. Other monetary benefits paid in some countries include {{TextTerm|maternity grants|5|931|IndexEntry=maternity grant|OtherIndexEntry=grant, maternity}} or {{TextTerm|birth grants|5|931|2|IndexEntry=birth grant|OtherIndexEntry=grant, birth}}, which are paid on the birth of a child, {{TextTerm|pre-natal allowances|6|931|IndexEntry=pre-natal allowance|OtherIndexEntry=allowance, pre-natal}}paid to expectant mothers during pregnancy, and on occasions {{TextTerm|marriage loans|7|931|IndexEntry=marriage loan|OtherIndexEntry=loan, marriage}}, which are granted to newly-married couples in order to assist them in setting up a household ({{RefNumber|11|0|.3}}).
  
 
=== 932 ===
 
=== 932 ===
  
Many other public measures, such as housing programs or measures in the field of {{TextTerm|public health|1}}, may have an impact on demographic phenomena. The provision of services for pregnant women such as {{TextTerm|pre-natal clinics|2}} and for ''parturient'' ({{RefNumber|60|3|4}}*) women may help in reducing ''late foetal, infant'' and ''maternal mortality'' (cf. 410, 411, 413, and {{RefNumber|42|4|5}}). Services which are primarily designed to help the mother are called {{TextTerm|maternity services|3}}; those meant to assist the child are {{TextTerm|infant welfare services|4}} or {{TextTerm|child welfare services|4}}.
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Many other public measures, such as housing programmes or measures in the field of {{TextTerm|public health|1|932|OtherIndexEntry=health, public}} may have an impact on demographic phenomena. The provision of services for pregnant women, such as {{TextTerm|ante-natal clinics|2|932|IndexEntry=ante-natal clinic|OtherIndexEntry=clinic, ante-natal}}, and for parturient (cf. {{RefNumber|60|3|.4}}*) women may help in reducing late foetal, infant and maternal mortality (cf. para. 410, {{RefNumber|42|4|.4}}). Services which are primarily designed to help the mother are called {{TextTerm|maternity services|3|932|OtherIndexEntry=services, maternity}}; those meant to assist the young child are {{TextTerm|infant welfare services|4|932|OtherIndexEntry=services, infant welfare}} or {{TextTerm|child welfare services|4|932|2|OtherIndexEntry=welfare services, child}}.
 
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==<center><font size=12>* * * </font></center>==
=== 933 ===
 
 
 
{{TextTerm|Population programs|1}} designed to reduce fertility in developing countries have included {{TextTerm|family-planning education|2}} and {{TextTerm|family-planning services|3}}, either alone or in association with {{TextTerm|health programs|4}} and {{TextTerm|social welfare programs|5}}, particularly {{TextTerm|maternal and child health programs|6}} designed to reduce mortality. Some countries have attempted to resort to {{TextTerm|incentives|7}} and {{TextTerm|disincentives|8}} of various kinds to elicit the motivation to use family limitation; social {{TextTerm|pressures|9}} and legal {{TextTerm|sanctions|10}} against disapproved fertility behavior are also encountered.
 
 
{{SummaryShort}}
 
{{SummaryShort}}
  
 
{{OtherLanguages|93}}
 
{{OtherLanguages|93}}

Revision as of 19:40, 7 November 2009


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Go to: Introduction to Demopædia | Instructions on use | Downloads
Chapters: Preface | 1. General concepts | 2. The treatment and processing of population statistics | 3. Distribution and classification of the population | 4. Mortality and morbidity | 5. Nuptiality | 6. Fertility | 7. Population growth and replacement | 8. Spatial mobility | 9. Economic and social aspects of demography
Pages: 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 80 | 81 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93
Index: Global Index | Index of chapter 1 | Index of chapter 2 | Index of chapter 3 | Index of chapter 4 | Index of chapter 5 | Index of chapter 6 | Index of chapter 7 | Index of chapter 8 | Index of chapter 9


930

A population policy (104-.2) is a series of measures taken by public authorities to influence the trend of population, or principles offered as a basis for such measures. A distinction is made between expansionist 1 policies, sometimes also called populationist 1 which are designed to increase the population, to accelerate its rate of growth or to check actual or incipient population decline or depopulation 2, and restrictionist 3 policies for the purpose of checking population growth or reducing the rate of increase. Among the former, pro-natalist 4 policies, which attempt to increase the birth rate (630-.1), are particularly important. In contrast to pro-natalist policies, there are anti-natalist 5 policies designed to reduce the frequency of births.

931

In many countries allowances 1,benefits 1 or grants 2 are given to the parents of children. In general an allowance is a sum of money which is paid periodically, whereas a grant is paid on a single occasion only. Family allowance 3 or children’s allowance 3 denotes a sum of money paid regularly to parents with a specified number of children. In many fiscal systems, tax rebates 4 are granted in respect of dependent children. Other monetary benefits paid in some countries include maternity grants 5 or birth grants 5, which are paid on the birth of a child, pre-natal allowances 6paid to expectant mothers during pregnancy, and on occasions marriage loans 7, which are granted to newly-married couples in order to assist them in setting up a household (110-.3).

932

Many other public measures, such as housing programmes or measures in the field of public health 1 may have an impact on demographic phenomena. The provision of services for pregnant women, such as ante-natal clinics 2, and for parturient (cf. 603-.4*) women may help in reducing late foetal, infant and maternal mortality (cf. para. 410, 424-.4). Services which are primarily designed to help the mother are called maternity services 3; those meant to assist the young child are infant welfare services 4 or child welfare services 4.

* * *

Go to: Introduction to Demopædia | Instructions on use | Downloads
Chapters: Preface | 1. General concepts | 2. The treatment and processing of population statistics | 3. Distribution and classification of the population | 4. Mortality and morbidity | 5. Nuptiality | 6. Fertility | 7. Population growth and replacement | 8. Spatial mobility | 9. Economic and social aspects of demography
Pages: 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 40 | 41 | 42 | 43 | 50 | 51 | 52 | 60 | 61 | 62 | 63 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 80 | 81 | 90 | 91 | 92 | 93
Index: Global Index | Index of chapter 1 | Index of chapter 2 | Index of chapter 3 | Index of chapter 4 | Index of chapter 5 | Index of chapter 6 | Index of chapter 7 | Index of chapter 8 | Index of chapter 9