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Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English volume
Commuting
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Section | English 801 |
Arabic 801 |
Czech 801 |
German 801 |
Spanish 801 |
French 801 |
Italian 801 |
Japanese 801 |
Portuguese 801 |
Russian 801 |
Chinese 801 |
801-1 | spatial mobility —geographical mobility |
حراك المكاني—انتقال الجفرافي | územní mobilita —geografická mobilita |
räumliche Mobilität —regionale Mobilität —geographische Mobilität |
movilidad espacial —movilidad territorial —movilidad física —movilidad geográfica |
mobilité spatiale —mobilité physique —mobilité géographique |
mobilità spaziale —mobilità territoriale —mobilità geografica |
空間移動 —地理的移動 |
mobilidade espacial —mobilidade geográfica |
Территориальная мобильность —Географическая мобильность |
空间流动 —来源地 —地区流动 |
801-2 | move | تنقل | pohyb obyvatelstva | Ortsveränderung —Umzug |
desplazamiento | déplacement | spostamenti | 動き | deslocamentos | Перемещения | 流动 |
801-3 | migration | هجرة | migrace | Wanderung —Migration |
migración —movimiento migratorio |
migration —mouvement migratoire |
migrazione —movimento migratorio |
人口移動(移動) | migração | Миграция | 迁移 |
801-4 | place of origin —place of departure |
مكان الأصلي—مكان المغادرة | předchozí trvalé bydliště —místo vystěhování |
Herkunftsort —Wegzugsort —Fortzugsort |
lugar de origen —lugar de partida |
lieu d’origine —lieu de départ |
luogo di origine —luogo di provenienza |
発生地 —出発地 |
local de origem —local de partida |
Место выбытия | 迁出地 |
801-5 | place of destination —place of arrival |
مكان المقصود—مكان الوصول | nové trvalé bydliště —místo přistěhování |
Ort Zuzugs- —Zielort |
lugar de destino —lugar de llegada |
lieu de destination —lieu d’arrivée |
luogo di destinazione —luogo di arrivo |
目的地 —到着地 |
local de destino —local de chegada |
Место прибытия | 目的地 —迁入地 |
801-6 | temporary move | نقلة الوقتية—رحلة الوقتية | dočasný územní pohyb | zeitweilige Ortsveränderung —vorübergehend Ortsveränderung |
desplazamiento temporal | déplacement temporaire | migrazione temporanea | 一時的な動き | deslocamento temporário | Временное перемещение | 临时流动 |
801-7 | length of absence | طول الغيبة | délka nepřítomnosti | Abwesenheitsdauer | duración de la ausencia | durée d’absence | durata dell’assenza | 不在期間 | duração da ausência | Продолжительность отсутствия | 离开原住地的时间长短 |
801-8 | duration of stay | مدة الإقامة—مدة الحضور | délka pobytu | Aufenthaltsdauer | duración de la presencia | durée de présence | durata della presenza | 滞在期間 | duração da permanência | Продолжительность пребывания | 地停留时间 |
801-9 | commuting | تردد—ترجح | kyvadlová migrace | Pendeln —Pendeimobilität —Pendelwanderung |
desplazamiento de trabajadores —movimiento pendular |
navette | pendolarismo | 通勤・通学 | Mobilidade pendular | Маятниковая миграция | 经常往返 |
801-10 | seasonal move | رحلات الموسمية | sezónní migrace | saisonale Wanderung —Saisonwanderung —Saisonmobilität |
migración estacional | déplacement saisonnier | spostamenti stagionali —migrazioni stagionali |
季節的な動き | deslocamentos sazonais | Сезонная миграция | 季节性流动 |
801-11 | transit | عبور | transit | Durchreise —Transitreise |
desplazamiento en tránsito | transit | transito | 通過移動 | deslocamento em trânsito | Транзитная миграция | 过境 |
801-12 | tourist traffic —vacationing |
رحلات السياحية—رحلات العطل | cesta za rekreací —turistika |
Reiseverkehr —Ferienverkehr —Urlaubsverkehr —Tourismus |
movimiento turístico —desplazamiento por vacaciones |
déplacement touristique —déplacement de vacances |
spostamenti turistici | 観光旅行 —余暇旅行 |
Tráfego turístico —deslocamento de férias |
Рекреация —Туризм |
旅行 —度假旅游 |
The study of spatial mobility 1 or geographic mobility 1 is concerned with the quantitative aspects of moves 2 made by individuals in geographic space. The distinguishing characteristic of migration 3 is that it involves a change in usual place of residence (310-6*) and implies movement across an administrative boundary. The administrative unit left by the migrant is the place of origin 4 or place of departure 4; the unit to which the migrant goes is the place of destination 5 or place of arrival 5. The concept of migration is often not applied to moves made by persons without a fixed place of residence, for example, nomads are excluded from the count of migrants in many countries. In practice it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between migration, which implies a relatively permanent change of residence, and temporary moves 6, except on the basis of criteria of length of absence 7 from the place of origin or duration of stay 8 at the place of destination. In general, geographic mobility does not include short-term trips which involve no change of usual residence, even though such moves may deserve study because of their economic and social importance. Commuting 9 involves the daily or weekly journey from place of residence to place of work or schooling; seasonal moves 10 have a yearly periodicity. Transits 11, which are moves across a territory to reach a destination, do not involve migration with respect to the territory crossed. Tourist traffic 12 or vacationing 12 also are not included in geographic mobility.
- 1. Spatial mobility is distinguished from social mobility (920-4) and occupational mobility (921-3).
- 3. Migration, n. - migrate, v. - migrant, n.: one who migrates, also used as adj. - migratory, adj.: pertaining to migration. The term migration refers to a process and cannot serve in English (in contrast to French) to describe a particular move; it is rarely used in the plural. Some authors view all residential mobility (803-6) as migration. For most, however, migratory moves involve the crossing of a boundary, and the administrative unit selected is called the migration defining area.
- 5. The terms country of arrival and country of reception are appropriate when international migration is the subject of interest.
- 9. Commute, v. - commuter, n.: one who regularly travels from his place of residence to his place of work. The expression journey to work is also used to describe this type of movement.
- 10. Seasonal movement is more accurate than the frequently used term seasonal migration since these moves rarely involve a change of usual residence.
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