Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English volume

Revision as of 10:46, 9 January 2010

Distance (DISTANCE)

Translation
Section	English 819	Arabic 819	Czech 819	German 819	Spanish 819	French 819	Italian 819	Japanese 819	Portuguese 819	Russian 819	Chinese 819
819-1	migration model	نموذجات الهجرة	migrační modely	Wanderungsmodell	modelos de migración —modelos migratorios	modèle de migration —modèle migratoire	modelli di migrazioni —modelli migratori	移動モデル	modelos de migração —modelos migratórios	Миграционные модели	迁移模型
819-2	push factor —repulsion	نبذ	vytlačující faktory migrace (push factors)	Push-Faktor —Abstoßungskraft	rechazo —expulsión	répulsion	push factors —repulsione	反発 —押し出し要因	fatores de expulsão —expulsão —repulsão	Факторы выталкивания	排斥 —推力因素
819-3	pull factor —attraction	جذ ب	přitahující faktory migrace (pull factors)	Pull-Faktor —Anziehungskraft	atracción	attraction	pull factors —attrazione	誘引 —牽引要因	fatores de atração —atração	Факторы притяжения	吸引 —拉力因素
819-4	intervening obstacle	عقبات معترضة	mezilehlé překážky	Hindernis, intervenierendes	obstáculos intermedios	obstacle intermédiaire	ostacoli intermedi	介在する障害要因	obstáculos intermediários	Промежуточные факторы	干扰障碍
819-5	gravity model	نموذجات التجاذب	gravitační model	Gravitationsmodell	modelos gravitatorios —modelos de gravitación	modèle gravitaire	modelli gravitazionali	重力モデル	modelos gravitacionais	Гравитационные модели	引力模型
819-6	distance	مسافة	vzdálenost	Entfernung	distancia	distance	distanza	距離	distâncias	Расстояние	距离
819-7	intervening opportunity	وظائف العمل السانحة فى الطرق	poskytované příležitosti	intervenierende(r,s) Arbeitsplatzangebot —intervenierende Vorteil	oferta de empleos intermedia	poste intermédiaire offert	opportunità intermedie	介在機会（介在要因）	oportunidades intervenientes	Возможности в промежуточных регионах	干扰机会

Migration models ¹ fall in two broad categories. The first relates migration streams (803-9) between two areas to social, economic or demographic variables. These variables are often classified as push factors ² when they characterize repulsion ² from the area of origin, as pull factors ³ resulting in attraction ³ to the area of destination, and as intervening obstacles ⁴ between the two areas. The simplest of these models are gravity models ⁵: the streams between the two areas are directly proportional to the size of their population, and inversely proportional to the distance ⁶ between them, raised to a certain power. Other models consider that the streams are proportional to the opportunities in the area of destination, and inversely proportional to intervening opportunities ⁷ between origin and destination. Models in the second broad category are stochastic models (730-5) and refer to individuals rather than to populations; they link the probability of migrating to a certain number of personal characteristics such as age or the previous history of migration.

5. Or Pareto-type models.
6. Distance can be measured in diverse ways: a straight line, the route, the number of intervening areas, etc.

Audio pronunciation

migration model

push factor

repulsion

pull factor

attraction

intervening obstacle

gravity model

gravity model

distance

distance

intervening opportunity

intervening opportunity

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-<!--'''Distance'''-->
+<!--'''distance'''-->
-{{TextTerms|S=819|P=81|
+{{TextTerms|S=819|P=81|Ed=II|CompleteIndexTerm=(DISTANCE)| content=
-[[81#819|819]]-1 {{TofT|Lang=en|Ed=II|N=1|Te=Migration models}}
+{{NewLineT|S=819|N=1}} {{
-{{TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=II|N=1|Te=نموذجات الهجرة}}
+TofT|Lang=en|Ed=II|N=1|Color=yes|Te=migration model}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=1|Te=Wanderungsmodelle}}
+TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=II|N=1|Te=نموذجات الهجرة}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=1|Te=Modelos de migración}}
+TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=II|N=1|Color=yes|Te=migrační modely}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=1|SubN=2|Te=Modelos migratorios}}
+TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=1|Te=Wanderungsmodell}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=et|Ed=II|N=1|Te=Rändemudelid}}
+TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=1|Color=yes|Te=modelos de migración}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=II|N=1|Te=Modèles de migration}}
+TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=1|SubN=2|Te=modelos migratorios}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=II|N=1|SubN=2|Te=Modèles migratoires}}
+TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=II|N=1|Te=modèle de migration}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ja|Ed=II|N=1|Te=移動モデル}}
+TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=II|N=1|SubN=2|Te=modèle migratoire}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=II|N=1|Te=Миграционных моделей}}
+TofT|Lang=it|Ed=II|N=1|Color=yes|Te=modelli di migrazioni}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=zh|Ed=II|N=1|Te=迁移模型}}
+TofT|Lang=it|Ed=II|N=1|SubN=2|Te=modelli migratori}}{{
-<br/>[[81#819|819]]-2 {{TofT|Lang=en|Ed=II|N=2|Te=Push factors}}
+TofT|Lang=ja|Ed=II|N=1|Te=移動モデル}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=en|Ed=II|N=2|SubN=2|Te=Repulsion}}
+TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=II|N=1|Color=yes|Te=modelos de migração}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=II|N=2|Te=نبذ}}
+TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=II|N=1|SubN=2|Te=modelos migratórios}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=2|Te=Push-Faktoren}}
+TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=II|N=1|Te=Миграционные модели}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=2|SubN=2|Te=Abstoßungskräfte}}
+TofT|Lang=zh|Ed=II|N=1|Color=yes|Te=迁移模型}}
-{{TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=2|Te=Rechazo}}
+{{NewLineT|S=819|N=2}} {{
-{{TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=2|SubN=2|Te=Expulsión}}
+TofT|Lang=en|Ed=II|N=2|Color=yes|Te=push factor}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=et|Ed=II|N=2|Te=Tõuketegurid}}
+TofT|Lang=en|Ed=II|N=2|SubN=2|Te=repulsion}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=II|N=2|Te=Répulsion}}
+TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=II|N=2|Te=نبذ}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ja|Ed=II|N=2|Te=反発}}
+TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=II|N=2|Color=yes|Te=vytlačující faktory migrace (push factors)}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ja|Ed=II|N=2|SubN=2|Te=押し出し要因}}
+TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=2|Te=Push-Faktor}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=II|N=2|Te=Факторами выталкивания}}
+TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=2|SubN=2|Te=Abstoßungskraft}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=zh|Ed=II|N=2|Te=推力因素}}
+TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=2|Color=yes|Te=rechazo}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=zh|Ed=II|N=2|SubN=2|Te=排斥}}
+TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=2|SubN=2|Te=expulsión}}{{
-<br/>[[81#819|819]]-3 {{TofT|Lang=en|Ed=II|N=3|Te=Pull factors}}
+TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=II|N=2|Te=répulsion}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=en|Ed=II|N=3|SubN=2|Te=Attraction}}
+TofT|Lang=it|Ed=II|N=2|Color=yes|Te=push factors}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=II|N=3|Te=جذب}}
+TofT|Lang=it|Ed=II|N=2|SubN=2|Te=repulsione}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=3|Te=Pull-Faktoren}}
+TofT|Lang=ja|Ed=II|N=2|Te=反発}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=3|SubN=2|Te=Anziehungskräfte}}
+TofT|Lang=ja|Ed=II|N=2|SubN=2|Te=押し出し要因}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=3|Te=Atracción}}
+TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=II|N=2|Color=yes|Te=fatores de expulsão}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=et|Ed=II|N=3|Te=Tõmbetegurid}}
+TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=II|N=2|SubN=2|Te=expulsão}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=II|N=3|Te=Attraction}}
+TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=II|N=2|SubN=3|Te=repulsão}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ja|Ed=II|N=3|Te=誘引}}
+TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=II|N=2|Te=Факторы выталкивания}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ja|Ed=II|N=3|SubN=2|Te=牽引要因}}
+TofT|Lang=zh|Ed=II|N=2|Color=yes|Te=排斥}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=II|N=3|Te=Факторами притяжения}}
+TofT|Lang=zh|Ed=II|N=2|SubN=2|Te=推力因素}}
-{{TofT|Lang=zh|Ed=II|N=3|Te=拉力因素}}
+{{NewLineT|S=819|N=3}} {{
-{{TofT|Lang=zh|Ed=II|N=3|SubN=2|Te=吸引}}
+TofT|Lang=en|Ed=II|N=3|Color=yes|Te=pull factor}}{{
-<br/>[[81#819|819]]-4 {{TofT|Lang=en|Ed=II|N=4|Te=Intervening obstacles}}
+TofT|Lang=en|Ed=II|N=3|SubN=2|Te=attraction}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=II|N=4|Te=و عقبات معترضة}}
+TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=II|N=3|Te=جذ ب}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=4|Te=Hindernisse}}
+TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=II|N=3|Color=yes|Te=přitahující faktory migrace (pull factors)}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=4|Te=Obstáculos intermedios}}
+TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=3|Te=Pull-Faktor}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=et|Ed=II|N=4|Te=Tõkketegurid}}
+TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=3|SubN=2|Te=Anziehungskraft}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=II|N=4|Te=Obstacles intermédiaires}}
+TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=3|Color=yes|Te=atracción}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ja|Ed=II|N=4|Te=介在する障害要因}}
+TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=II|N=3|Te=attraction}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=II|N=4|Te=Промежуточными факторами}}
+TofT|Lang=it|Ed=II|N=3|Color=yes|Te=pull factors}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=zh|Ed=II|N=4|Te=干扰障碍}}
+TofT|Lang=it|Ed=II|N=3|SubN=2|Te=attrazione}}{{
-<br/>[[81#819|819]]-5 {{TofT|Lang=en|Ed=II|N=5|Te=Gravity models}}
+TofT|Lang=ja|Ed=II|N=3|Te=誘引}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=II|N=5|Te=نموذجات التجاذب}}
+TofT|Lang=ja|Ed=II|N=3|SubN=2|Te=牽引要因}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=5|Te=Gravitationsmodelle}}
+TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=II|N=3|Color=yes|Te=fatores de atração}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=5|Te=Modelos gravitatorios}}
+TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=II|N=3|SubN=2|Te=atração}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=5|SubN=2|Te=Modelos de gravitación}}
+TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=II|N=3|Te=Факторы притяжения}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=et|Ed=II|N=5|Te=Gravitatsioommude}}
+TofT|Lang=zh|Ed=II|N=3|Color=yes|Te=吸引}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=II|N=5|Te=Modèles gravitaires}}
+TofT|Lang=zh|Ed=II|N=3|SubN=2|Te=拉力因素}}
-{{TofT|Lang=ja|Ed=II|N=5|Te=重力モデル}}
+{{NewLineT|S=819|N=4}} {{
-{{TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=II|N=5|Te=Гравитационные модели}}
+TofT|Lang=en|Ed=II|N=4|Color=yes|Te=intervening obstacle}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=II|N=5|SubN=2|Te=Модели Парето}}
+TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=II|N=4|Te=عقبات معترضة}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=zh|Ed=II|N=5|Te=引力模型}}
+TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=II|N=4|Color=yes|Te=mezilehlé překážky}}{{
-<br/>[[81#819|819]]-6 {{TofT|Lang=en|Ed=II|N=6|Te=Distance}}
+TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=4|Te=Hindernis, intervenierendes}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=II|N=6|Te=مسافة}}
+TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=4|Color=yes|Te=obstáculos intermedios}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=6|Te=Entfernung}}
+TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=II|N=4|Te=obstacle intermédiaire}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=6|Te=Distancia}}
+TofT|Lang=it|Ed=II|N=4|Color=yes|Te=ostacoli intermedi}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=et|Ed=II|N=6|Te=Kaugusega}}
+TofT|Lang=ja|Ed=II|N=4|Te=介在する障害要因}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=II|N=6|Te=Distance}}
+TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=II|N=4|Color=yes|Te=obstáculos intermediários}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ja|Ed=II|N=6|Te=距離}}
+TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=II|N=4|Te=Промежуточные факторы}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=II|N=6|Te=Расстоянию}}
+TofT|Lang=zh|Ed=II|N=4|Color=yes|Te=干扰障碍}}
-{{TofT|Lang=zh|Ed=II|N=6|Te=距离}}
+{{NewLineT|S=819|N=5}} {{
-<br/>[[81#819|819]]-7 {{TofT|Lang=en|Ed=II|N=7|Te=Intervening opportunities}}
+TofT|Lang=en|Ed=II|N=5|Color=yes|Te=gravity model}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=II|N=7|Te=وظائف العمل السانحة في الطريق}}
+TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=II|N=5|Te=نموذجات التجاذب}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=7|Te=Intervenierenden Arbeitsplatzangeboten}}
+TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=II|N=5|Color=yes|Te=gravitační model}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=7|SubN=2|Te=Allgemeiner intervenierender Vorteilen}}
+TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=5|Te=Gravitationsmodell}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=7|Te=Oferta de empleos intermedia}}
+TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=5|Color=yes|Te=modelos gravitatorios}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=et|Ed=II|N=7|Te=Vahevõimalustega}}
+TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=5|SubN=2|Te=modelos de gravitación}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=II|N=7|Te=Postes intermédiaires offerts}}
+TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=II|N=5|Te=modèle gravitaire}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ja|Ed=II|N=7|Te=介在機会（介在要因）}}
+TofT|Lang=it|Ed=II|N=5|Color=yes|Te=modelli gravitazionali}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=II|N=7|Te=Возможностям в промежуточны регионах}}
+TofT|Lang=ja|Ed=II|N=5|Te=重力モデル}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=zh|Ed=II|N=7|Te=干扰机会}}
+TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=II|N=5|Color=yes|Te=modelos gravitacionais}}{{
+TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=II|N=5|Te=Гравитационные модели}}{{
+TofT|Lang=zh|Ed=II|N=5|Color=yes|Te=引力模型}}
+{{NewLineT|S=819|N=6}} {{
+TofT|Lang=en|Ed=II|N=6|Color=yes|Te=distance}}{{
+TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=II|N=6|Te=مسافة}}{{
+TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=II|N=6|Color=yes|Te=vzdálenost}}{{
+TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=6|Te=Entfernung}}{{
+TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=6|Color=yes|Te=distancia}}{{
+TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=II|N=6|Te=distance}}{{
+TofT|Lang=it|Ed=II|N=6|Color=yes|Te=distanza}}{{
+TofT|Lang=ja|Ed=II|N=6|Te=距離}}{{
+TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=II|N=6|Color=yes|Te=distâncias}}{{
+TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=II|N=6|Te=Расстояние}}{{
+TofT|Lang=zh|Ed=II|N=6|Color=yes|Te=距离}}
+{{NewLineT|S=819|N=7}} {{
+TofT|Lang=en|Ed=II|N=7|Color=yes|Te=intervening opportunity}}{{
+TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=II|N=7|Te=وظائف العمل السانحة فى الطرق}}{{
+TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=II|N=7|Color=yes|Te=poskytované příležitosti}}{{
+TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=7|Te=intervenierende(r,s) Arbeitsplatzangebot}}{{
+TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=7|SubN=2|Te=intervenierende Vorteil}}{{
+TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=7|Color=yes|Te=oferta de empleos intermedia}}{{
+TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=II|N=7|Te=poste intermédiaire offert}}{{
+TofT|Lang=it|Ed=II|N=7|Color=yes|Te=opportunità intermedie}}{{
+TofT|Lang=ja|Ed=II|N=7|Te=介在機会（介在要因）}}{{
+TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=II|N=7|Color=yes|Te=oportunidades intervenientes}}{{
+TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=II|N=7|Te=Возможности в промежуточных регионах}}{{
+TofT|Lang=zh|Ed=II|N=7|Color=yes|Te=干扰机会}}|
+Lang=en|Lang2=ar|Lang3=cs|Lang4=de|Lang5=es|Lang6=fr|Lang7=it|Lang8=ja|Lang9=pt|Lang10=ru|Lang11=zh}}
+{{Gallery
+| caption={{Lang_audio_pronunciation_-en}}
+| width=100
+| height=20
+| lines=3
+|819_1_1_en_II Migration model.ogg|'''migration model'''
+|819_2_1_en_II Push factor.ogg|'''push factor'''
+|819_2_2_en_II Repulsion.ogg|'''repulsion'''
+|819_3_1_en_II Pull factor.ogg|'''pull factor'''
+|819_3_2_en_II Attraction.ogg|'''attraction'''
+|819_4_1_en_II Intervening obstacle.ogg|'''intervening obstacle'''
+|819_5_1_en_II Gravity model.ogg|'''gravity model'''
+|819_6_1_en_II Distance.ogg|'''distance'''
+|819_7_1_en_II Intervening opportunity.ogg|'''intervening opportunity'''
 }}
 <noinclude>
-[[en-II:Distance]] [[ar-II:مسافة]] [[de-II:Entfernung]] [[es-II:Distancia]] [[et-II:Kaugusega]] [[fr-II:Distance]] [[ja-II:距離]] [[ru-II:Расстоянию]] [[zh-II:距离]]
+[[en-II:distance]] [[ar-II:مسافة]] [[cs-II:vzdálenost]] [[de-II:Entfernung]] [[es-II:distancia]] [[fr-II:distance]] [[it-II:distanza]] [[ja-II:距離]] [[pt-II:distâncias]] [[ru-II:Расстояние]] [[zh-II:距离]]
 </noinclude>
 <noinclude>
 [[Category:Term of the second edition of the multilingual demographic Dictionary]]
+[[Category:Spatial mobility]]
+[[Category:81]]
 </noinclude>

Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English volume

Difference between revisions of "Distance"

Revision as of 10:46, 9 January 2010

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