Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English volume

Revision as of 21:38, 7 November 2009

Economic optimum (ECONOMIC optimum)

Translation
Section	English 902	Arabic 902	German 902	Spanish 902	Finnish 902	French 902	Italian 902	Polish 902	Portuguese 902	Russian 902
902-1	over-population	اكتظاظ السكان (سكان)	Übervölkerung —Überbevölkerung	superpoblación	Iiikakansoitus —liikaväestö	surpeuplement —surpopulation	sovrappopolazione —sovrappopolamento	przeludnienie	SUPERPOPULAÇÃO	Перенаселение
902-2	under-population	تخلخل السكان (خلخل)	Untervölkerung —Unterbevölkerung	subpoblación	vajaakansoitus —väestönvajaus	sous-peuplement —sous-population	sottopopolazione —sottopopolamento	niedoludnienie	SUBPOPULAÇÃO	Недостаточная населенность
902-3	level of development	مستوى تنمية (تنمية)	Entwicklungsgrad	grado de desarrollo	kehitystaso	degré de développement	grado di sviluppo	poziom rozwoju	NÍVEL de desenvolvimento	Уровень развития
902-4	optimum population —optimum	عدد السكان الأفضل (عدد)	Bevölkerungsoptimum —optimale Bevölkerungszahl	población óptima	väestöoptimi	optimum de peuplement —population optimale	optimum di popolazione	optimum ludności	POPULAÇÃO ótima —ÓTIMO	Оптимальная численность населения
902-5	economic optimum	عدد السكان الأفضل اقتصاديا (عدد)	wirtschaftliches Bevölkerungsoptimum	óptimo económico	taloudellinen väestöoptimi	optimum économique	optimum economico	optimum gospodarcze	ÓTIMO econômico	Экономический оптимум населения
902-6	level of living —standard of living	مستوى المعيشة (مستوى)	Höhe der Lebenshaltung —Lebenshaltungsniveau —Lebensstandard	nivel de vida	elintaso	niveau de vie	tenore di vita	poziom życia —standard życia	NÍVEL de vida —PADRÃO de vida	Уровень жизни
902-7	real national income per head	نصيب الفرد من الدخل القومي الحقيقي (فرد)	Sozialprodukt je Kopf der Bevölkerung	renta real media por cabeza	asukasta kohti laskettu reaalikansantulo —reaalikansantulo per capita	revenu réel moyen par tête	reddito medio reale per abitante —reddito medio reale pro-capite	średni dochód realny na mieszkańca	RENDA média por habitante —RENDA "per capita"	Средний реальный доход —Реальный национальный доход на душу населения

Consideration of the relations between population size and resources leads to the concepts of overpopulation ¹ and underpopulation ². These terms are defined only at a given fixed level of development ³. When neither a larger nor a smaller population would yield advantages, there is said to be an optimum population ⁴, sometimes briefly called an optimum ⁴. The advantages yielded may be economic in character and in that case it is an economic optimum ⁵. The discussion of economic optima generally proceeds in terms of economic welfare but, as this is difficult to ascertain empirically, the level of living ⁶ or standard of living ⁶ is sometimes substituted. This is approximated by the real national income per capita ⁷ i.e., the total amount of goods and services produced in a particular period (or its equivalent in money income adjusted for variation in purchasing power) divided by the total population during the period.

1. Overpopulation, n. - overpopulated, adj.
2. Underpopulation, n. - underpopulated, adj.
5. Some writers have used the concept of a power optimum and a social optimum as well as of an economic optimum.
6. The expression "standard of living" is restricted by some economists to mean an accepted goal or recognized set of needs, as constrasted with the level of living actually attained. Others use these terms interchangeably.
7. Other measures such as the gross national product per capita, are also used.

Audio pronunciation

over-population

under-population

level of development

optimum population

optimum population

optimum

economic optimum

level of living

standard of living

real national income per head

real national income per head

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-<!--'''Economic optimum'''-->
+<!--'''economic optimum'''-->
-{{TextTerms|S=902|P=90|
+{{TextTerms|S=902|P=90|Ed=I|CompleteIndexTerm=(ECONOMIC optimum)| content=
-[[90#902|902]]-1 {{TofT|Lang=en|Ed=II|N=1|Te=Overpopulation}}
+{{NewLineT|S=902|N=1}} {{
-{{TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=II|N=1|Te=إكتظاظ السكان}}
+TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=1|Color=yes|Te=over-population}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=II|N=1|Te=Přelidnění}}
+TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=1|Te=اكتظاظ السكان (سكان)}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=1|Te=Überbevölkerung}}
+TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=1|Color=yes|Te=Übervölkerung}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=1|Te=Sobrepoblación}}
+TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=1|SubN=2|Te=Überbevölkerung}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=1|SubN=2|Te=Sobrepoblamiento}}
+TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=1|Te=superpoblación}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=et|Ed=II|N=1|Te=Ülerahvastatuse}}
+TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=1|Color=yes|Te=Iiikakansoitus}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=et|Ed=II|N=1|SubN=2|Te=Liigrahvastatuse}}
+TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=1|SubN=2|Te=liikaväestö}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=II|N=1|Te=Surpeuplement}}
+TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=1|Te=surpeuplement}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=II|N=1|SubN=2|Te=Surpopulation}}
+TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=1|SubN=2|Te=surpopulation}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ja|Ed=II|N=1|Te=過剰人口}}
+TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=1|Color=yes|Te=sovrappopolazione}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=II|N=1|Te=Перенаселенности}}
+TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=1|SubN=2|Te=sovrappopolamento}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=zh|Ed=II|N=1|Te=人口过剩}}
+TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=1|Te=przeludnienie}}{{
-<br/>[[90#902|902]]-2 {{TofT|Lang=en|Ed=II|N=2|Te=Underpopulation}}
+TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=1|Color=yes|Te=SUPERPOPULAÇÃO}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=II|N=2|Te=و تخلخل السكان}}
+TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=1|Te=Перенаселение}}
-{{TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=II|N=2|Te=Nedolidnění}}
+{{NewLineT|S=902|N=2}} {{
-{{TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=2|Te=Unterbevölkerung}}
+TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=2|Color=yes|Te=under-population}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=2|Te=Subpoblación}}
+TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=2|Te=تخلخل السكان (خلخل)}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=2|SubN=2|Te=Subpoblamiento}}
+TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=2|Color=yes|Te=Untervölkerung}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=et|Ed=II|N=2|Te=Alarahvastatuse}}
+TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=2|SubN=2|Te=Unterbevölkerung}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=et|Ed=II|N=2|SubN=2|Te=Vaegrahvastatuse}}
+TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=2|Te=subpoblación}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=II|N=2|Te=Sous-peuplement}}
+TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=2|Color=yes|Te=vajaakansoitus}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=II|N=2|SubN=2|Te=Sous-population}}
+TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=2|SubN=2|Te=väestönvajaus}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ja|Ed=II|N=2|Te=過少人口}}
+TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=2|Te=sous-peuplement}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=II|N=2|Te=Недонаселенности}}
+TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=2|SubN=2|Te=sous-population}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=zh|Ed=II|N=2|Te=人口不足}}
+TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=2|Color=yes|Te=sottopopolazione}}{{
-<br/>[[90#902|902]]-3 {{TofT|Lang=en|Ed=II|N=3|Te=Level of development}}
+TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=2|SubN=2|Te=sottopopolamento}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=II|N=3|Te=مستوى تنمية}}
+TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=2|Te=niedoludnienie}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=3|Te=Entwicklungsstufe}}
+TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=2|Color=yes|Te=SUBPOPULAÇÃO}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=3|SubN=2|Te=Entwicklungsniveau}}
+TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=2|Te=Недостаточная населенность}}
-{{TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=3|Te=Grado de desarrollo}}
+{{NewLineT|S=902|N=3}} {{
-{{TofT|Lang=et|Ed=II|N=3|Te=Arengutaset}}
+TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=3|Color=yes|Te=level of development}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=II|N=3|Te=Degré de développement}}
+TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=3|Te=مستوى تنمية (تنمية)}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ja|Ed=II|N=3|Te=発展水準}}
+TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=3|Color=yes|Te=Entwicklungsgrad}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=II|N=3|Te=Уровня развития}}
+TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=3|Te=grado de desarrollo}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=zh|Ed=II|N=3|Te=发展水平}}
+TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=3|Color=yes|Te=kehitystaso}}{{
-<br/>[[90#902|902]]-4 {{TofT|Lang=en|Ed=II|N=4|Te=Optimum population}}
+TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=3|Te=degré de développement}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=en|Ed=II|N=4|SubN=2|Te=Optimum}}
+TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=3|Color=yes|Te=grado di sviluppo}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=II|N=4|Te=عدد السكان الأمثل}}
+TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=3|Te=poziom rozwoju}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=II|N=4|Te=Populačního optima}}
+TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=3|Color=yes|Te=NÍVEL de desenvolvimento}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=II|N=4|SubN=2|Te=Optimální velikosti populace}}
+TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=3|Te=Уровень развития}}
-{{TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=4|Te=Bevölkerungsoptimum}}
+{{NewLineT|S=902|N=4}} {{
-{{TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=4|SubN=2|Te=Optimale Bevölkerung}}
+TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=4|Color=yes|Te=optimum population}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=4|Te=Óptimo de población}}
+TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=4|SubN=2|Te=optimum}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=4|SubN=2|Te=Población óptima}}
+TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=4|Te=عدد السكان الأفضل (عدد)}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=et|Ed=II|N=4|Te=Rahvastikuoptimumiks}}
+TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=4|Color=yes|Te=Bevölkerungsoptimum}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=et|Ed=II|N=4|SubN=2|Te=Optimaalseks rahvastikuks}}
+TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=4|SubN=2|Te=optimale Bevölkerungszahl}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=II|N=4|Te=Optimum de peuplement}}
+TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=4|Te=población óptima}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=II|N=4|SubN=2|Te=Population optimale}}
+TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=4|Color=yes|Te=väestöoptimi}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ja|Ed=II|N=4|Te=適度人口}}
+TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=4|Te=optimum de peuplement}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ja|Ed=II|N=4|SubN=2|Te=適度}}
+TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=4|SubN=2|Te=population optimale}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=II|N=4|Te=Оптимуме населения}}
+TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=4|Color=yes|Te=optimum di popolazione}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=zh|Ed=II|N=4|Te=适度人口}}
+TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=4|Te=optimum ludności}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=zh|Ed=II|N=4|SubN=2|Te=适度}}
+TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=4|Color=yes|Te=POPULAÇÃO ótima}}{{
-<br/>[[90#902|902]]-5 {{TofT|Lang=en|Ed=II|N=5|Te=Economic optimum}}
+TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=4|SubN=2|Te=ÓTIMO}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=II|N=5|Te=عدد السكان الأمثل إقتصاديًا}}
+TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=4|Te=Оптимальная численность населения}}
-{{TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=II|N=5|Te=Ekonomickém optimu}}
+{{NewLineT|S=902|N=5}} {{
-{{TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=5|Te=Wirtschaftlichem Bevölkerungsoptimum}}
+TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=5|Color=yes|Te=economic optimum}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=5|Te=Óptimo económico}}
+TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=5|Te=عدد السكان الأفضل اقتصاديا (عدد)}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=et|Ed=II|N=5|Te=Majanduslik rahvastikuoptimum}}
+TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=5|Color=yes|Te=wirtschaftliches Bevölkerungsoptimum}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=II|N=5|Te=Optimum économique}}
+TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=5|Te=óptimo económico}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ja|Ed=II|N=5|Te=経済的適度}}
+TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=5|Color=yes|Te=taloudellinen väestöoptimi}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=II|N=5|Te=Экономическим оптимумом}}
+TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=5|Te=optimum économique}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=zh|Ed=II|N=5|Te=经济适度人口}}
+TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=5|Color=yes|Te=optimum economico}}{{
-<br/>[[90#902|902]]-6 {{TofT|Lang=en|Ed=II|N=6|Te=Level of living}}
+TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=5|Te=optimum gospodarcze}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=en|Ed=II|N=6|SubN=2|Te=Standard of living}}
+TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=5|Color=yes|Te=ÓTIMO econômico}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=II|N=6|Te=بمستوى المعيشة}}
+TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=5|Te=Экономический оптимум населения}}
-{{TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=II|N=6|Te=Životní úrovně}}
+{{NewLineT|S=902|N=6}} {{
-{{TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=II|N=6|SubN=2|Te=Životního standardu}}
+TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=6|Color=yes|Te=level of living}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=6|Te=Lebensstandard}}
+TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=6|SubN=2|Te=standard of living}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=6|Te=Nivel de vida}}
+TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=6|Te=مستوى المعيشة (مستوى)}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=et|Ed=II|N=6|Te=Elatustaseme}}
+TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=6|Color=yes|Te=Höhe der Lebenshaltung}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=et|Ed=II|N=6|SubN=2|Te=Elustandardi}}
+TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=6|SubN=2|Te=Lebenshaltungsniveau}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=II|N=6|Te=Niveau de vie}}
+TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=6|SubN=3|Te=Lebensstandard}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ja|Ed=II|N=6|Te=生活水準}}
+TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=6|Te=nivel de vida}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ja|Ed=II|N=6|SubN=2|Te=生活標準}}
+TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=6|Color=yes|Te=elintaso}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=II|N=6|Te=Уровень жизни}}
+TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=6|Te=niveau de vie}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=zh|Ed=II|N=6|Te=生活水平}}
+TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=6|Color=yes|Te=tenore di vita}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=zh|Ed=II|N=6|SubN=2|Te=生活标准}}
+TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=6|Te=poziom życia}}{{
-<br/>[[90#902|902]]-7 {{TofT|Lang=en|Ed=II|N=7|Te=Real national income per capita}}
+TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=6|SubN=2|Te=standard życia}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=II|N=7|Te=نصيب الفرد من الدخل الحقيقي}}
+TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=6|Color=yes|Te=NÍVEL de vida}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=cs|Ed=II|N=7|Te=Národní důchod na obyvatele}}
+TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=6|SubN=2|Te=PADRÃO de vida}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=7|Te=Reale Volkseinkommen pro Kopf der Bevölkerung}}
+TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=6|Te=Уровень жизни}}
-{{TofT|Lang=de|Ed=II|N=7|SubN=2|Te=Reale Pro-Kopf-Einkommen}}
+{{NewLineT|S=902|N=7}} {{
-{{TofT|Lang=es|Ed=II|N=7|Te=Ingreso medio real per capita}}
+TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=7|Color=yes|Te=real national income per head}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=et|Ed=II|N=7|Te=Reaaltulu inimese kohta}}
+TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=7|Te=نصيب الفرد من الدخل القومي الحقيقي (فرد)}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=II|N=7|Te=Revenu réel moyen par tête}}
+TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=7|Color=yes|Te=Sozialprodukt je Kopf der Bevölkerung}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ja|Ed=II|N=7|Te=1人当たり実質国民所得}}
+TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=7|Te=renta real media por cabeza}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=II|N=7|Te=Реальным национальным доходом на душу населения}}
+TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=7|Color=yes|Te=asukasta kohti laskettu reaalikansantulo}}{{
-{{TofT|Lang=zh|Ed=II|N=7|Te=每人实际国民收入}}
+TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=7|SubN=2|Te=reaalikansantulo per capita}}{{
+TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=7|Te=revenu réel moyen par tête}}{{
+TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=7|Color=yes|Te=reddito medio reale per abitante}}{{
+TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=7|SubN=2|Te=reddito medio reale pro-capite}}{{
+TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=7|Te=średni dochód realny na mieszkańca}}{{
+TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=7|Color=yes|Te=RENDA média por habitante}}{{
+TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=7|SubN=2|Te=RENDA "per capita"}}{{
+TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=7|Te=Средний реальный доход}}{{
+TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=7|SubN=2|Te=Реальный национальный доход на душу населения}}|
+Lang=en|Lang2=ar|Lang3=de|Lang4=es|Lang5=fi|Lang6=fr|Lang7=it|Lang8=pl|Lang9=pt|Lang10=ru}}
+{{Gallery
+| caption={{Lang_audio_pronunciation_-en}}
+| width=100
+| height=20
+| lines=3
+|902_1_1_en_I Over-population.ogg|'''over-population'''
+|902_2_1_en_I Under-population.ogg|'''under-population'''
+|902_3_1_en_I Level of development.ogg|'''level of development'''
+|902_4_1_en_I Optimum population.ogg|'''optimum population'''
+|902_4_2_en_I Optimum.ogg|'''optimum'''
+|902_5_1_en_I Economic optimum.ogg|'''economic optimum'''
+|902_6_1_en_I Level of living.ogg|'''level of living'''
+|902_6_2_en_I Standard of living.ogg|'''standard of living'''
+|902_7_1_en_I Real national income per head.ogg|'''real national income per head'''
 }}
 <noinclude>
-[[en-II:Economic optimum]] [[ar-II:عدد السكان الأمثل إقتصاديًا]] [[cs-II:Ekonomickém optimu]] [[de-II:Wirtschaftlichem Bevölkerungsoptimum]] [[es-II:Óptimo económico]] [[et-II:Majanduslik rahvastikuoptimum]] [[fr-II:Optimum économique]] [[ja-II:経済的適度]] [[ru-II:Экономическим оптимумом]] [[zh-II:经济适度人口]]
+[[en-I:economic optimum]] [[ar-I:عدد السكان الأفضل اقتصاديا (عدد)]] [[de-I:wirtschaftliches Bevölkerungsoptimum]] [[es-I:óptimo económico]] [[fi-I:taloudellinen väestöoptimi]] [[fr-I:optimum économique]] [[it-I:optimum economico]] [[pl-I:optimum gospodarcze]] [[pt-I:ÓTIMO econômico]] [[ru-I:Экономический оптимум населения]]
 </noinclude>
 <noinclude>
-[[Category:Term of the second edition of the multilingual demographic Dictionary]]
+[[Category:Term of the first edition of the multilingual demographic Dictionary]]
+[[Category:Economic and social aspects of demography]]
+[[Category:90]]
 </noinclude>

Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English volume

Difference between revisions of "Economic optimum"

Revision as of 21:38, 7 November 2009

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