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Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English volume
Population parameter
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Section | English 164 |
Arabic 164 |
German 164 |
Spanish 164 |
Finnish 164 |
French 164 |
Italian 164 |
Polish 164 |
Portuguese 164 |
Russian 164 |
164-1 | population parameter | معلم المجتمع (معلم) | statistischer Parameter | parámetro demográfico | perusjoukon tunnusluku —parametri |
paramètre statistique | parametro di una popolazione | parametr statystyczny | PARÂMETRO da população | Параметр |
164-2 | statistical estimation | تقدير الإحصائي (إحصاء) | statistische Schätzung | estimación estadística | arviointi —estimointi |
estimation statistique | stima statistica | estymacja statystyczna | ESTIMAÇÃO estatística | Статистическая оценка |
164-3 | sampling error | أخطاء المعاينة (خطا) | Stichprobenfehler | errores de muestreo | otannan satunnaisvirhe | erreur d’échantillonnage | errore di campionamento | błąd próby | ÊRRO de amostragem | Ошибки выборки |
164-4 | standard error | خطأ المعياري (خطا) | mittlere Abweichung | error típico | keskivirhe —standardivirhe |
erreur-type | errore quadratico medio —errore medio |
błąd standardowy | ÊRRO padrão | Средняя ошибка —Стандартная ошибка |
164-5 | confidence interval | فترة ثقة (ثقة) | Vertrauensbereich —Vertrauensintervall |
intervalo de confianza | varmuusväli —konfidenssiväli —luottamusväli |
intervalle de confiance | intervallo di confidenza | przedział ufności | INTERVALO de confiança | Границы доверительные |
164-6 | significant difference | فرق معنوي (فرق) | echter Unterschied —signifikanter Unterschied |
diferencia significativa | merkitsevä ero | différence significative | differenza significativa | różnica istotna (między dwiema wartościami) | DIFERENÇA significativa | Значимая разность |
164-7 | level of significance | مستوى الثقة (ثقة) | Sicherheitsschwelle | nivel de significación | merkitsevyystaso | seuil de signification —niveau de signification |
livello di significatività | poziom istotności | NÍVEL de significância | Уровень значимости |
A population parameter 1 is a numerical value that characterizes a population. Statistical estimation 2 is the name given to the procedure by which the values of such parameters are estimated from the sample. Such estimates are subject to sampling errors 3 and a measure of the magnitude of the sampling error is generally given by the standard error 4. Sometimes a confidence interval 5 is associated with an estimate to show the limits within which the estimated quantity may be expected to lie with a pre-determined probability. A difference between two values is referred to as a significant difference 6 when the probability that it is due to chance is less than a given value which is called the level of significance 7. Thus a difference would be significant at the 5 percent level if the probability that it could have arisen by chance is less than 0.05. In addition to sampling errors, observation errors 8 or response errors 8 also affect estimates. These errors usually include interviewer biases 9 which are systematic errors introduced by the interviewers when the basic data are collected.
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