Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English volume

Subsistence level (SUBSISTENCE level)

Translation
Section	English 905	Arabic 905	Czech 905	German 905	Spanish 905	French 905	Italian 905	Japanese 905	Portuguese 905	Russian 905	Chinese 905
905-1	population pressure	ضغط السكان	populační tlak	Bevölkerungsdruck	presión demográfica	pression démographique	pressione demografica	人口圧迫	pressão populacional	Демографическое давление	人口压力
905-2	Malthusian population theory	نظرية ملتس في السكان	malthusiánská populační teorie	malthusianische Bevölkerungstheorie	malthusiana de la población	théorie malthusienne de la population	teoria malthusiana della popolazione	マルサス人口理論	teoria Malthusiana de população	Мальтузианская теория народонаселения	马尔萨斯人口论
905-3	means of subsistence	وساثل العيش	prostředky obživy	Subsistenzmittel —Unterhaltsmittel	medios de subsistencia	moyens de subsistance	mezzi di sussistenza	生存資料	subsistência	Средства существования	生存资料
905-4	population equilibrium	توازن ديمغرافي	populační rovnováha	demographisches Gleichgewicht	equilibrio demográfico	équilibre démographique	equilibrio demografico	人口均衡	população de equilíbrio	Демографическое равновесие	人口平衡
905-5	subsistence level	مستوى الكفاف	existenční úroveň	physiologische(s) Existenzminimum —Subsistenzminimum	mínimo fisiológico —nivel de subsistencia	minimum physiologique	minimo fisiologico	生存水準	nível de subsistência	Прожиточный минимум	生存水平
905-6	positive check —Malthusian check	كابح رادع—كابح ملتسي	pozitivní zábrana —malthusiánská zábrana	repressive Kontrolle —repressive(s) Hemmnis —malthusianische Kontrolle	frenos represivos —frenos positivos —obstáculos malthusianos	obstacle répressif —obstacle malthusien	ostacoli repressivi —ostacoli malthusiani	マルサス的妨げ —積極的妨げ	xeques positivos —freios positivos —freio preventivo —xeques Malthusianos —freios Malthusianos	Мальтузианские ограничения	积极抑制 —马尔萨斯抑制
905-7	preventive check	كابح واق	preventivní zábrana	präventive Kontrolle —präventive(s) Hemmnis	frenos preventivos	obstacle préventif	ostacoli preventivi	予防的妨げ	xeque preventivo	Превентивные ограничения	预防性抑制
905-8	moral restraint	وازع الخلقي	morální zábrana	sittliche Enthaltsamkeit	freno moral	contrainte morale	freno morale	道徳的抑制	restrição moral	Моральные ограничения	道德遏制
905-9	postponement of marriage	إطالة العزوبة—تأجيل الزواج	odkládání sňatků	Hinausschieben der Eheschließung	prolongación del celibato —postergación del matrimonio	prolongation du célibat	prolungamento del celibato	結婚の延期	adiamento do casamento	Откладывание брака	推迟结婚

The term population pressure ¹ is linked to concepts relating the size of the population and the resources (901-1) available. To say that this pressure is strong or weak in a certain area is to suggest that the population of the area is near or far from the maximum consistent with the resources which are available. According to Malthusian population theory ², so called after its originator, Thomas Malthus, there will inevitably be pressure of population on the means of subsistence ³. Any change in the volume of available means of subsistence would generate population growth (701-1) until population equilibrium ⁴ would again be attained when the level of living had reached a subsistence level ⁵, i.e., a level just sufficient to maintain life. The equilibrium would be maintained by the elimination of any surplus population ^10★ either through positive checks ⁶, sometimes known as Malthusian checks ⁶ (famine, pestilence and war), or through the preventive check ⁷ of moral restraint ⁸ consisting of postponement of marriage ⁹, coupled with abstinence from sexual relations before marriage.