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Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English volume
Difference between revisions of "Moral restraint"
Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English vol.
(Etienne van de Walle et al., second 1982 edition) |
(Eugen Grebenik et al., first edition 1958) |
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| − | <!--''' | + | <!--'''moral restraint'''--> |
| − | {{TextTerms|S=905|P=90| | + | {{TextTerms|S=905|P=90|Ed=I|CompleteIndexTerm=(MORAL restraint)| content= |
| − | + | {{NewLineT|S=905|N=1}} {{ | |
| − | {{TofT|Lang=ar|Ed= | + | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=1|Color=yes|Te=population pressure}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=1|Te=ضغط السكان (ضغط)}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=1|Color=yes|Te=Bevölkerungsdruck}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang=es|Ed= | + | TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=1|Te=presión de la población}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=1|SubN=2|Te=presión demográfica}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang=fr|Ed= | + | TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=1|Color=yes|Te=väestönpaine}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=1|Te=pression démographique}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=1|Color=yes|Te=pressione demografica}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=1|Te=nacisk demograficzny}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=1|Color=yes|Te=PRESSÃO demográfica}}{{ |
| − | + | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=1|SubN=2|Te=PRESSÃO da população}}{{ | |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=1|Te=Давление избытка населения}}{{ |
| − | {{ | + | TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=1|SubN=2|Te=Демографическое давление}} |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | {{NewLineT|S=905|N=2}} {{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=2|Color=yes|Te=Malthusian population theory}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=2|Te=نظرية السكان لمالتس (سكان)}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=2|Color=yes|Te=malthusische Bevölkerungstheorie}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=2|Te=teoría maltusiana de la población}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=2|Color=yes|Te=Malthusin väestöteoria}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=2|Te=théorie malthusienne de la population}}{{ |
| − | + | TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=2|Color=yes|Te=teoria malthusiana della popolazione}}{{ | |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=2|Te=ludnościowa teoria Malthusa}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=2|Color=yes|Te=MATHUSIANA, teoria da população}}{{ |
| − | {{ | + | TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=2|Te=Мальтузианская теория народонаселения}} |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | {{NewLineT|S=905|N=3}} {{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=3|Color=yes|Te=means of subsistence}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=3|Te=ضروريات الحياة (حي)}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=3|Color=yes|Te=Unterhaltsmittel}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=3|SubN=2|Te=Subsistenzmittel}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=3|Te=medios de subsistencia}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=3|Color=yes|Te=toimeentulomahdollisuus}}{{ |
| − | + | TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=3|Te=moyens de subsistance}}{{ | |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=3|Color=yes|Te=mezzi di sussistenza}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=3|Te=środki utrzymania}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=3|Color=yes|Te=MEIOS de subsistência}}{{ |
| − | {{ | + | TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=3|Te=Средства существования}} |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | {{NewLineT|S=905|N=4}} {{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=4|Color=yes|Te=population equilibrium}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=4|Te=توازن السكان (وزن)}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=4|SubN=2|Te=توازن السكان (سكان)}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=4|Color=yes|Te=Bevölkerungsgleichgewicht}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=4|Te=equilibrio de la población}}{{ |
| − | + | TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=4|SubN=2|Te=equilibrio demográfico}}{{ | |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=4|Color=yes|Te=väestöllinen tasapaino}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=4|Te=équilibre démographique}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=4|Color=yes|Te=equilibrio demografico}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=4|Te=równowaga demograficzna}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=4|Color=yes|Te=EQUILÍBRIO demográfico}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=4|SubN=2|Te=EQUILÍBRIO populacional}}{{ |
| − | {{ | + | TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=4|Te=Демографическое равновесие}} |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | {{NewLineT|S=905|N=5}} {{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=5|Color=yes|Te=subsistence level}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=5|Te=مستوى الكفاف (كفاف)}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=5|Color=yes|Te=physiologisches Existenzminimum}}{{ |
| − | + | TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=5|Te=mínimo vital}}{{ | |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=5|Color=yes|Te=fysiologinen toimeentulominimi}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=5|Te=minimum physiologique}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=5|Color=yes|Te=limite di sussistenza}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=5|Te=minimum fizjologiczne}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=5|Color=yes|Te=MÍNIMO vital}}{{ |
| − | {{ | + | TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=5|Te=Минимальный уровень жизни}} |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | {{NewLineT|S=905|N=6}} {{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=6|Color=yes|Te=positive check}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=6|SubN=2|Te=Malthusian check}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=6|Te=تحديد الايجابي (حد)}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=6|SubN=2|Te=تحديد بطريقة مالتس (حد)}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=6|Color=yes|Te=repressive Hemmungen}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=6|Te=obstáculos represivos}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=6|SubN=2|Te=obstáculos maltusianos}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=6|Color=yes|Te=hävittävä este}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=6|SubN=2|Te=este positiivinen}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=6|Te=obstacle répressif}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=6|SubN=2|Te=obstacle malthusien}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=6|Color=yes|Te=ostacolo repressivo}}{{ |
| − | + | TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=6|SubN=2|Te=freno repressivo}}{{ | |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=6|Te=przeszkody (powiększania się ludności) represyjne}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=6|Color=yes|Te=OBSTÁCULOS positivos}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=6|SubN=2|Te=OBSTÁCULOS repressivos}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=6|SubN=3|Te=OBSTÁCULOS malthusianos}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=6|Te=Разрушительные препятствия}} |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | {{NewLineT|S=905|N=7}} {{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=7|Color=yes|Te=preventive check}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=7|Te=تحديد الوقائي (وقاية)}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=7|Color=yes|Te=präventive Hemmungen}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=7|Te=obstáculos preventivos}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=7|Color=yes|Te=ennakolta ehkäisevä este}}{{ |
| − | + | TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=7|SubN=2|Te=preventiivinen este}}{{ | |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=7|Te=obstacle préventif}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=7|Color=yes|Te=ostacolo preventivo}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=7|SubN=2|Te=preventivo freno —}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=7|Te=przeszkody (powiększania się ludności) prewencyjne}}{{ |
| − | {{ | + | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=7|Color=yes|Te=OBSTÁCULOS preventivos}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=7|Te=Предупреждение беременности}} |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | {{NewLineT|S=905|N=8}} {{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=8|Color=yes|Te=moral restraint}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=8|Te=وازع الأخلاقي (وازع)}}{{ |
| − | + | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=8|Color=yes|Te=moralische Enthaltung}}{{ | |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=8|Te=freno moral}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=8|Color=yes|Te=moraalinen pidättyvyys}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=8|Te=contrainte morale}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=8|Color=yes|Te=freno morale}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=8|Te=moralna wstrzemięźliwość}}{{ |
| − | {{ | + | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=8|Color=yes|Te=CONSTRANGIMENTO moral}}{{ |
| − | + | TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=8|Te=Нравственное обуздание}} | |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | {{NewLineT|S=905|N=9}} {{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=en|Ed=I|N=9|Color=yes|Te=postponement of marriage}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=ar|Ed=I|N=9|Te=تأجيل الزواج (الزواج)}}{{ |
| − | {{TofT|Lang= | + | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=9|Color=yes|Te=Verlängerung der Ehelosigkeit}}{{ |
| − | + | TofT|Lang=de|Ed=I|N=9|SubN=2|Te=Hinauszögerung der Eheschließung}}{{ | |
| + | TofT|Lang=es|Ed=I|N=9|Te=prolongación de la soltería}}{{ | ||
| + | TofT|Lang=fi|Ed=I|N=9|Color=yes|Te=avioitumisen lykkääntyminen}}{{ | ||
| + | TofT|Lang=fr|Ed=I|N=9|Te=prolongation du célibat}}{{ | ||
| + | TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=9|Color=yes|Te=ritardo delle nozze}}{{ | ||
| + | TofT|Lang=it|Ed=I|N=9|SubN=2|Te=differimento delle nozze}}{{ | ||
| + | TofT|Lang=pl|Ed=I|N=9|Te=opóźnianie związków małżeńskich}}{{ | ||
| + | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=9|Color=yes|Te=RETARDAMENTO matrimonial}}{{ | ||
| + | TofT|Lang=pt|Ed=I|N=9|SubN=2|Te=RETARDAMENTO da idade matrimonial}}{{ | ||
| + | TofT|Lang=ru|Ed=I|N=9|Te=Поздние браки}}| | ||
| + | Lang=en|Lang2=ar|Lang3=de|Lang4=es|Lang5=fi|Lang6=fr|Lang7=it|Lang8=pl|Lang9=pt|Lang10=ru}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{Gallery | ||
| + | | caption={{Lang_audio_pronunciation_-en}} | ||
| + | | width=100 | ||
| + | | height=20 | ||
| + | | lines=3 | ||
| + | |905_1_1_en_I Population pressure.ogg|'''population pressure''' | ||
| + | |905_2_1_en_I Malthusian population theory.ogg|'''Malthusian population theory''' | ||
| + | |905_3_1_en_I Means of subsistence.ogg|'''means of subsistence''' | ||
| + | |905_4_1_en_I Population equilibrium.ogg|'''population equilibrium''' | ||
| + | |905_5_1_en_I Subsistence level.ogg|'''subsistence level''' | ||
| + | |905_6_1_en_I Positive check.ogg|'''positive check''' | ||
| + | |905_6_2_en_I Malthusian check.ogg|'''Malthusian check''' | ||
| + | |905_7_1_en_I Preventive check.ogg|'''preventive check''' | ||
| + | |905_8_1_en_I Moral restraint.ogg|'''moral restraint''' | ||
| + | |905_9_1_en_I Postponement of marriage.ogg|'''postponement of marriage''' | ||
}} | }} | ||
<noinclude> | <noinclude> | ||
| − | [[en- | + | [[en-I:moral restraint]] [[ar-I:وازع الأخلاقي (وازع)]] [[de-I:moralische Enthaltung]] [[es-I:freno moral]] [[fi-I:moraalinen pidättyvyys]] [[fr-I:contrainte morale]] [[it-I:freno morale]] [[pl-I:moralna wstrzemięźliwość]] [[pt-I:CONSTRANGIMENTO moral]] [[ru-I:Нравственное обуздание]] |
</noinclude> | </noinclude> | ||
<noinclude> | <noinclude> | ||
| − | [[Category:Term of the | + | [[Category:Term of the first edition of the multilingual demographic Dictionary]] |
| + | [[Category:Economic and social aspects of demography]] | ||
| + | [[Category:90]] | ||
</noinclude> | </noinclude> | ||
Revision as of 21:39, 7 November 2009
| Translation | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Section | English 905 |
Arabic 905 |
German 905 |
Spanish 905 |
Finnish 905 |
French 905 |
Italian 905 |
Polish 905 |
Portuguese 905 |
Russian 905 |
| 905-1 | population pressure | ضغط السكان (ضغط) | Bevölkerungsdruck | presión de la población —presión demográfica |
väestönpaine | pression démographique | pressione demografica | nacisk demograficzny | PRESSÃO demográfica —PRESSÃO da população |
Давление избытка населения —Демографическое давление |
| 905-2 | Malthusian population theory | نظرية السكان لمالتس (سكان) | malthusische Bevölkerungstheorie | teoría maltusiana de la población | Malthusin väestöteoria | théorie malthusienne de la population | teoria malthusiana della popolazione | ludnościowa teoria Malthusa | MATHUSIANA, teoria da população | Мальтузианская теория народонаселения |
| 905-3 | means of subsistence | ضروريات الحياة (حي) | Unterhaltsmittel —Subsistenzmittel |
medios de subsistencia | toimeentulomahdollisuus | moyens de subsistance | mezzi di sussistenza | środki utrzymania | MEIOS de subsistência | Средства существования |
| 905-4 | population equilibrium | توازن السكان (وزن)—توازن السكان (سكان) | Bevölkerungsgleichgewicht | equilibrio de la población —equilibrio demográfico |
väestöllinen tasapaino | équilibre démographique | equilibrio demografico | równowaga demograficzna | EQUILÍBRIO demográfico —EQUILÍBRIO populacional |
Демографическое равновесие |
| 905-5 | subsistence level | مستوى الكفاف (كفاف) | physiologisches Existenzminimum | mínimo vital | fysiologinen toimeentulominimi | minimum physiologique | limite di sussistenza | minimum fizjologiczne | MÍNIMO vital | Минимальный уровень жизни |
| 905-6 | positive check —Malthusian check |
تحديد الايجابي (حد)—تحديد بطريقة مالتس (حد) | repressive Hemmungen | obstáculos represivos —obstáculos maltusianos |
hävittävä este —este positiivinen |
obstacle répressif —obstacle malthusien |
ostacolo repressivo —freno repressivo |
przeszkody (powiększania się ludności) represyjne | OBSTÁCULOS positivos —OBSTÁCULOS repressivos —OBSTÁCULOS malthusianos |
Разрушительные препятствия |
| 905-7 | preventive check | تحديد الوقائي (وقاية) | präventive Hemmungen | obstáculos preventivos | ennakolta ehkäisevä este —preventiivinen este |
obstacle préventif | ostacolo preventivo —preventivo freno — |
przeszkody (powiększania się ludności) prewencyjne | OBSTÁCULOS preventivos | Предупреждение беременности |
| 905-8 | moral restraint | وازع الأخلاقي (وازع) | moralische Enthaltung | freno moral | moraalinen pidättyvyys | contrainte morale | freno morale | moralna wstrzemięźliwość | CONSTRANGIMENTO moral | Нравственное обуздание |
| 905-9 | postponement of marriage | تأجيل الزواج (الزواج) | Verlängerung der Ehelosigkeit —Hinauszögerung der Eheschließung |
prolongación de la soltería | avioitumisen lykkääntyminen | prolongation du célibat | ritardo delle nozze —differimento delle nozze |
opóźnianie związków małżeńskich | RETARDAMENTO matrimonial —RETARDAMENTO da idade matrimonial |
Поздние браки |
The term population pressure 1 is linked to concepts relating the size of the population and the resources (901-1) available. To say that this pressure is strong or weak in a certain area is to suggest that the population of the area is near or far from the maximum consistent with the resources which are available. According to Malthusian population theory 2, so called after its originator, Thomas Malthus, there will inevitably be pressure of population on the means of subsistence 3. Any change in the volume of available means of subsistence would generate population growth (701-1) until population equilibrium 4 would again be attained when the level of living had reached a subsistence level 5, i.e., a level just sufficient to maintain life. The equilibrium would be maintained by the elimination of any surplus population 10★ either through positive checks 6, sometimes known as Malthusian checks 6 (famine, pestilence and war), or through the preventive check 7 of moral restraint 8 consisting of postponement of marriage 9, coupled with abstinence from sexual relations before marriage.
- 6. and 7. The terms positive check and preventive check in English are generally used only with reference to the doctrines of Malthus.
Audio pronunciation
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