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Multilingual Demographic Dictionary, second unified edition, English volume
Negative growth
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The interaction of fertility, mortality and migration leads to a consideration of population growth 1. A zero population growth 10★ refers to a population of constant size. It is convenient to regard population decline 2 as negative growth 3. A distinction may be drawn between a closed population 4 in which there is no migration either inwards or outwards and whose growth depends entirely on the difference between births and deaths, and an open population 5 in which there may be migration. The growth of an open population consists of the balance of migration 6 or net migration 6 and natural increase 7, which is the excess of births over deaths 8 or deficit of births over deaths 9★ sometimes called the balance of births and deaths 8. Any change in one variable affects the overall growth and structure of a population; in this context growth effects 11★ and structural effects 12★ are determined. More...